1. |
THE ORIGIN OF LAND PLANTS: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD PROBLEM |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 183-197
Brian Lowry,
David Lee,
Charles Hébant,
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摘要:
SummaryAlthough current ideas on evolution of the earth's atmosphere vary widely, it seems certain that when plants first invaded the land habitat they were exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation more intense than that found today. We suggest that an early obvious protective adaptation would be the accumulation of substituted cinnamic acids from the deamination of aromatic amino acids. If so, by making possible a diverse range of phenylpropanoid biochemistry, including the synthesis of lignin, this initial adaptation would have exerted a profound effect on the course of higher plant evolution.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1220280
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
NEWS OF HERBARIA |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 198-198
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ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1980.tb00613.x
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
VARIATIONS WITHIN POPULATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION. II. PATTERNS OF VARIATION WITHIN ASCLEPIADACEAE AND UMBELLIFERAE |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 199-212
Amy Jean Gilmartin,
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摘要:
SummaryThe very distinct families Umbelliferae and Asclepiadaceae are both represented in western North America. Local samples of the variability within populations and at several ranks in the classification hierarchy were similar in their ranges of variation. The Asclepiadaceae pattern of variability within populations, species, and genera which was revealed with this data base differed only slightly from that obtained previously with a much smaller data base. The quantifications of within‐group variability reveal differences and similarities in patterns of evolution, produce quantifiable models of classification for different families, and can help monographers with taxonomic decisions. A new method of displaying results of intrafamilial patterns of variation uses a log transformation of the CPV and MPD, the summary statistics of the dissimilarity matrices. A comparison of the Umbelliferae, Asclepiadaceae and Bromeliaceae shows the first two to be rather similar in their ranges of intragroup variation at the same ranks and markedly different from the third. The explanation for the similarity between the Asclepiadaceae and Umbelliferae is thought to lie in the coincidence of the general geographic areas where they were sampled and the similarities in their habits: herbaceous, insect pollinated and having umbelliferous inflorescences. The quantifications of infrafamilial patterns of variation clearly show that systematists have tended to mold whatever variation was inherent at the populational level to approximately the same amount of intrageneric variability. Genera in different families seem to encompass very similar amounts of overall variation in spite of differences at the populational level.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1220282
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
EVOLUTION IN THE SUBTRIBE NASSAUVIINAE (COMPOSITAE, MUTISIEAE): A PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 213-224
Jorge Victor Crisei,
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摘要:
SummaryThe 23 genera of Nassauviinae (Compositae, Mutisieae) have been used as OTU's in a numerical phylogenetic study in an attempt to estimate direction of evolutionary change (polarity), relative amount of evolutionary change (patristics), and relative recency of common ancestry (cladistics) of the group. Thirty‐six characters were scored for each OTU. For each character and using 4 criteria, the direction of evolutionary changes of the states, from primitive (ancestral) to derived, was inferred. The Wagner tree algorithm (Farris, 1970) using a distance coefficient was applied to the data, and the index of consistency (Kluge&Farris, 1969) was calculated.Three different evolutionary trees were constructed using as ancestral: (1) a hypothetical OTU, (2) the genusDolichlasium, and (3) the genusTrixis.Each tree shows somewhat different results, but some cladistic and patristic relationships remained consistent throughout the three runs. The primitive groups:DolichlasiumandLeunisia; Jungia, Pleocarphus, Marticorenia, TrixisandAmeghinoa.The relatively advanced groups:Acourtia, Lophopappus, ProustiaandBurkartia; LeucheriaandOxyphyllum; Panphalea, HolocheilusandPerezia.The most highly modified groups:PolyachyrusandMoscharia; Calopappus, NassauviaandTriptilion.Two genera are intermediate in advancedness and isolated:Macrachaenium; Cephalopappus.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1220283
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
PAKARAIMAEA DIPTEROCARPACEAII |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 225-231
Bassett Maguire,
Peter S. Ashton,
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摘要:
SummaryThe genusPakaraimaeahas been restudied on the basis of new field collections. Evidence from data on habit, reproduction, and seed characters further supports its placement in the Dipterocarpaceae.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1220284
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
NEWS OF HERBARIA |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 232-232
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ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1980.tb00617.x
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
THE LINNAEAN TYPES OFMENTHA(LAMIACEAE) |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 233-255
Arthur O. Tucker,
Raymond M. Harley,
David E. Fairbrothers,
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摘要:
SummaryThe nomenclature of certain polymorphic temperate genera, notablyCrataegus, Mentha, RubusandSalix, has been rendered more difficult by assumptions of type specimens and the consequential publication of illegitimate names. InMenthaalone, disregarding Gandoger (whose names were declared illegitimate at the Eleventh International Botanical Congress), almost 2300 names have been published for essentially 20 species; possibly 50% of these are synonyms, the remaining legitimate infraspecific names. To bring some order in the chaos ofMenthanomenclature, we herein set forth a choice and discussion of the Linnaean types using Savage (1945), Stearn (1957), Heller (1959), and Stafleu (1978) as our guides.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1220285
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
NEWS AND NOTES |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 256-256
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ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1980.tb00619.x
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
THE SUBFAMILIAL, TRIBAL, AND SUBTRIBAL NOMENCLATURE OF THE ASCLEPIADACEAE† |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 257-265
Eric Sundell,
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摘要:
SummaryDuring the past 150 years, casual nomenclatural practices have obscured what is generally agreed to be a natural system of suprageneric classification in the Asclepiadaceae. An account of all subfamilial, tribal, and subtribal names published within the family is presented here with an evaluation of their nomenclatural status. Some problems of nomenclatural procedure peculiar to levels above the rank of genus and deriving from the nature of the “nomenclatural type” at these levels are discussed with particular regard to the present selection of available names.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1220286
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
PUBLISHING NEWS |
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TAXON,
Volume 29,
Issue 2-3,
2019,
Page 266-266
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ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1980.tb00621.x
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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