摘要:

Abstract:A total of 164 (47%) out of 350 new psychiatric patients in a general hospital in Japan were those referred to psychiatric consultation. In 47% of the cases, concurrent physical and psychiatric disorders were reported. In the referred patients, neurosis (38%) was the most common psychiatric disorder, followed by other nonorganic psychoses (9%), schizophrenic psychoses (8%), alcoholic psychoses (8%), transient organic psychotic conditions (7%), affective psychoses (6%) and others. The high frequency of psychiatric emergency cases (23%) including cases with suicide attempts (12%) indicated that psychiatrists play an important role in psychiatric emergency crisis intervention in the general hospital emergency service. In suicide attempts, depression was most prominent, but schizophrenic psychoses were also involved in a third of the cases.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This is a report on six psychiatric patients who indulged in excessive ingestion of water and subsequently developed tonic‐clonic seizures in the course of the underlying mental disorders. On the basis of the DSM‐III criteria, they were diagnosed as follows: schizophrenic disorder, 4; schizoaffective disorder, 1; borderline personality disorder, 1. The levels of serum electrolytes were estimated during five episodes of seizures in three patients. Hyponatremia was a consistent finding (serum sodium: mean = 120.6 mEq/liter). Plasma osmolality and plasma levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were determined during two episodes in two patients. The inappropriately high circulating levels of AVP relative to plasma hypoosmolality were documented. However, the response to the overnight fluid deprivation and acute water load during the period of no seizures in two patients revealed no evidence of the persistent SIADH, suggesting the temporal association of hyponatremic encephalopathy with inappropriate AVP secretion. It is not conclusive whether the transient SIADH is the cause or the consequence of hyponatremic encephalopathy, although a delusion or an auditory hallucination could play a critical role in drinking water excessively in three patie

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The Tokyo Child Development Schedule (TCDS) consisting of 140 items divided into seven areas—gross motor, fine motor, self‐help, play, socialization, speech and comprehension‐cognition—was developed. Each item is checked by a caretaker of a child with a three‐point scale: pass, sometimes pass and fail. All of the seven areas and the entire portion of the TCDS exhibited a high grade of test‐retest reliability. All but two of the items showed good agreement between the results of the two‐time ratings. In 53 children with or without autistic features, the total scores on the TCDS and mental ages on the Japanese version of the Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scale demonstrated the value of correlation coefficie

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Ninety‐six patients whose diagnosis was definitively confirmed as primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) were divided into two groups according to the duration of recurrent seizures—A group for less than 7 years and B group for more than 7 years. The patients of both groups were completely free of seizures for more than 3 years at the time of the survey. A retrospective comparison was made between these two groups in terms of clinical and EEG features. Emphasis was placed on the B group which was characterized by an unfavorable seizure outcome.From a prognostic point of view, the risk factors indicative of an unfavorable outcome of seizures were found as follows: a) the presence of generalized tonic‐clonic convulsions (GTCs) prior to the occurrence of minor seizures and persisting GTCs following the subsidence of minor seizures, b) scanty epileptic EEG findings in spite of the sporadic occurrence of GTCs, and c) GTCs tended to associate with various seizure‐inducing factors.As a conclusion, along with appropriate drug treatment, the necessity of comprehensive approaches to the patients' everyday life was emphasized in order to achieve a favorable seizure

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Calcium‐hopantenate (HOP A), a derivative of GABA, was administered to 9 psychiatric patients with neuroleptics‐induced tardive dyskinesia. In a clinical study, involuntary movements have improved significantly after a 4–8‐week medication. Although there was no correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of HOPA, GABA, HVA or clinical response, the CSF HOPA levels significantly correlated with changes in the CSF GABA levels. These results suggest that HOPA alleviates the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia being mediated by the central GABAergic mec

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Nine cases of neuro‐Behçet's disease were investigated clinicopathologically. Pathological pictures of the central nervous system were characterized as follows: the site of predilection was the brain stem, followed by the spinal cord, cerebrum and cerebellum. The pathognomonic changes were recurrent inflammations around small vessels, causing a softening of the tissue. Lesions were composed of a perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes and microglias and, moreover, diapedesis, degenerated nerve cells and oligo‐dendroglias, glial nodule, breakdown of myelin and axon, fatty granule cells and glio‐mesenchymal proliferation were present occasionally. Electron microscopic studies on the neurons revealed no evidence of viral particles except for some accumulations of electron dense

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Expectancy‐related and nonexpectancy‐related cerebral potentials associated with stimuli and omitted stimuli were recorded in 7 normal subjects. The stimuli were constantly delivered to the right median nerve and the inter‐stimulus interval was set at 7 seconds.When the subject counted to estimate the interstimulus interval correctly, a slow negative deflection appeared about one second prior to both the stimuli and the omitted stimuli. In the case of the omitted stimulus, this expectancy‐related negative potential (ENP) returned to the base line after several hundred msec. When the stimuli were delivered, the amplitude of the P300 was much higher when the subject was paying attention to the stimuli than when he was not.The scalp distribution of the ENP was rather anterior to the P300. No ENP appeared when the subject was not paying attention to the stimuli or the omitted stimuli, or when the stimuli were delivered at a rand

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Measures concerning the P2 component of movement‐related cerebral potentials (MPs) (the time from the trigger produced by key‐tapping to the onset of P2: T‐N latency, the width of P2: N‐P interval, and the amplitude of P2: N‐P amplitude) and various clinical factors of 36 schizophrenics were studied and statistically compared with those of 35 normal subjects. Concerning the P2 component, 22/36 of the schizophrenics showed abnormal findings. These three measures, especially the N‐P interval, are significantly related to various clinical symptoms at the stage when the MPs were recorded but are not related to the previous worst stage. The chronicity of schizophrenic illness influenced each measure of the T‐N latency and N‐P interval, both of which were significantly longer than those of the normal subjects. The pressure strength, the velocity of key‐tapping, the duration of muscular contraction, (namely the manner of key‐tapping) and the daily dosage of neuroleptics did not affect the P2 component.These results suggest that 1) the P2 component of MPs is related to certain brain functions as a signal of information processing concerning action and not to the peripheral feed‐back mechanism and 2) abnormal waveforms of the MPs found in pathological psychiatric conditions of schizophrenia may be a reflection of disturbances of the central mechanism concerning action, a

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effect of chronic administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the striatal synaptic vesicles was quantitatively investigated with an electron microscope. Six rats, three controls and three experimentals, which received 20 mg/kg b.wt. of CPZ daily for 15 months, were sacrificed and a total of 300 axo‐dendritic spine synapses (50 synapses per animal) were randomly taken and divided into three zones with a width of 160–467 nm on electron micrographs (final magnification 60,000). The first zone was adjacent to the presynaptic membrane in the region of the synaptic cleft. The second and third were farther away from the first zone. In these zones we measured the vesicle density, vesicle size and vesicle elongation ratio (the shortest diameter/the longest diameter) with the following results:1) In both the CPZ‐administered rats and the controls the vesicle number per unit area of axoplasm (vesicle density) was smaller in Zone III than in Zones I and II, while those in the latter two zones did not differ from each other. However, there was no significant difference in the vesicle number in any zone between the control and experimental animals.2) The vesicles in every zone were significantly larger in the CPZ‐administered animals than in the controls.3) There were no conclusive findings on the vesicle elongation ratio (vesicle

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb02903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY