摘要:

Abstract:We devised a questionnaire for estimation of each tic, and used a two‐step investigation procedure, first by a parent questionnaire with 1,218 responses and second by a confirmatory telephone interview for 197 positive responses. The average estimated values were 11.3% for boys and 5.2% for girls. The prevalences were–blinking: 4.2%, head‐jerking: 1.6%, shrugging: 1.2%, mouth‐twitching: 0.6%, face‐distortion: 0.5%, mouth‐opening: 0%, throat‐clearing: 2.7%, sniffing: 0.6%, and vocalization: 0.2%. According to the criteria in DSM‐III‐R, 5.1% of 1,218 had TTD, 2.2% had CMVTD, and 0.5% had

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The authors reported a pair of male monozygotic twins in one of whom a delusional disorder occurred, and discussed the etiology of that disorder. The analysis of the twins indicates the following: 1. The disposition for the delusional disorder might be related to a psychological tendency to experience a delusion that might be based on a genetic factor. This might be strengthened by the development of a hypersensitive personality (Kretschmer, E.) promoted by environmental factors. 2. A hypersensitive personality might be a significant risk factor for the delusional disorder.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A total of 505 elderly patients aged 65 and over, seen at the Department of Psychiatry of Tosei General Hospital, were investigated retrospectively and classified according to the DSM‐III‐R criteria. The increase in the number of psychogeriatric patients over the last two decades was statistically significant. Organic mental disorders were most frequent (51%), followed by mood disorders (22%), sleep disorders (7%), somatoform disorders (6%), anxiety disorders (5%) and others. A high referral rate (42%) and a high incidence of various concurrent physical disorders (52%) were observed, and the role of geropsychiatric consultation in a general hospital was evaluated and discus

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Fifteen psychiatric cases are reported who were clinically diagnosed as schizophrenic, affective disorders, or neurotic, but resisted standard medication regimens, all showing irregular β activities on EEGs. The cases tended to display symptoms in common, such as dysphoria, emotional instability or frequent physical complaints. These characteristic symptoms share something mutually with the symptoms shown in some epileptic patients or psychiatric patients with epileptic EEG abnormalities without clinical seizures. Antiepileptic drugs seemed more specifically effective to the above symptoms. More than half of these cases showed improvement on EEG findings such as a decrease in irregular β activities and an increase in rhythmicity or regularity of α activities along with clinical improvement with the administration of adjunctive antiepileptic drugs. These results suggest that the adjunctive administration of antiepileptic drugs to patients with irregular β activities on EEGs is clinically useful and an EEG examination has much value in psychiatric practice to find the criteria of drug ther

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Nocturnal sleep was examined in 12 patients with degenerative diseases involving the brain stem and in 2 patients with late cerebellar cortical atrophy (LCCA). A peculiar sleep state, characterized by the concomitant appearance of a low‐voltage mixed frequency EEG, rapid eye movements (REMs) and tonic EMG in mental muscles, repeatedly appeared during nocturnal sleep in all of the 12 patients with degenerative diseases involving the brain stem and it was called stage 1‐REM after Tachibana et al.32In 8 of the 12 patients, delirious or oneiric behavior appeared during, or soon after, the episodes of stage 1‐REM. Inner experiences reported by one of the subjects well corresponded to his behavior during the episode of stage 1‐REM. Stage 1‐REM was not observed during nocturnal sleep of the patients with LCCA. These results indicate that a degenerative lesion in the brain stem induced stage 1‐REM and delirious behavior during nocturnal sleep through abolishing muscle atonia of REM sleep and causing dissociation of the functional components characterizin

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The anterior horn and lateral ventricular sizes of the brain CT were selected for measurement and comparison between 47 schizophrenic patients and 48 neurotic cases, which constituted the control subjects. The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) and the linear ratio (LR 1–6) in multiple age groups were calculated, analyzed and compared using the Student's t test, the two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni's methods. It was found that the VBR of the anterior horn and modified bicaudate cerebroventricular index of the teenage schizophrenics were significantly greater than those of the teenage controls (p<0.01) and the ventricular sizes were not associated with the different stages of age except for the cases of the teenage group. These results support the hypothesis of previous investigators that the ventricular enlargement is present early in the course of schizophrenia and provide additional evidence that in teenage schizophrenic patients there is a tendency of the enlargement of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle which may be related with a morphological vulnerability in the prefrontal cor

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The authors described 3 cases of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) with a depressive state. There were no abnormal findings from general and neurological examinations. Computed tomographic (CT) brain scans revealed sickle‐shaped low density areas in the bilateral frontal lobes. Two of the 3 cases had not had episodes of head contusion, and it was not until the CT brain scanning that they were found to have CSDH. Evacuation of the hematomas was not considered suitable and the depressive state of these 2 cases was improved by antidepressants. The remaining case seemed to have become depressive because of failure in business. After the head contusion, his depressive state gradually became more severe. A neurosurgical operation was carried out to evacuate the hematoma. CSDH seemed to aggravate his depressive state. These 3 cases show that CSDH located in the bilateral frontal lobes may cause and/or influence affective disorde

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We studied the influence of indeloxazine hydrochloride (IH) upon photic driving responses (PDRs) elicited by a 5 Hz flickering dot pattern and red flicker stimuli. Comparisons were made from a total of 22 elderly patients. By oral IH administration, clinical improvement was found in 12 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis (improved group), whereas it was not observed in 6 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis, 2 patients with multiinfarct dementia and 2 patients with Alzheimer's disease (unimproved group). Before and after the IH administration, an EEG examination by the above visual stimuli was carried out in each patient; a power spectral analysis of the occipital PDRs elicited by the visual stimuli was then made. The powers of PDRs elicited by the flickering dot pattern stimulation were not significantly different in both groups; those of 10 and 15 Hz PDRs elicited by the red flicker stimulation, however, decreased significantly by the IH administration in the improved group. It was suggested that such an analysis of PDRs elicited by the red flicker stimulation might perhaps be useful as one of the indicators to evaluate the efficacy of IH.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Auditory brain stem responses were recorded in 10 eating disorder patients and 10 normal control subjects. Absolute latencies, interwave latencies, absolute amplitudes, and amplitude ratios were investigated. A nonsignificant difference was found between the eating disorder group and the normal control group as far as the absolute latencies and interwave latencies were concerned. But the eating disorder patients had significantly smaller amplitude ratios (HI/I, IV‐V/I) and absolute amplitude (V) than did the control subjects. These findings suggest that some dysfunction exists in the region of brain stem. It may be related with the pathophysiology in patients with eating disorde

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary:Organic mental disorder was observed in a 29‐year‐old female in the prognostic period after the onset of carniofur‐induced lenkoencephalopathy. Symptoms such as euphoria, emotional lability and puerile attitude noted in the patient were diagnosed as organic personality syndrome according to the criteria defined in the DSM‐HI‐R. It is referred to as a frontal lobe syndrome. Brain CT revealed a periventricular low density area in the frontal white matter and moderate dilatation of the lateral ventricles especially at the bilateral anterior horns. Consequently, carmofur‐induced leukoencepha‐lopathy may uncommonly result in organic personality syndrome in the residual state. It may be attributed to the structural damage to the

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1990.tb01650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY