摘要:

Abstract:This study is the first report regarding the borderland between psychiatry and shamanism in Miyako Islands, Okinawa, Japan. Folk healing practices are still flourishing on the islands. Most mentally ill persons we examined admitted to having consulted shamans. Although there is a need to assess the positive and negative effects of shamanistic practices on Miyako Islands' health care system as a whole, this report indicates the urgent need to come to terms with the interaction between shamanism and psychiatry on a multidimensional level. We describe here psychotic illness attributed tokandaari.These cases underline the importance of understanding “the explanatory model” (Kleinman 1979) of people as regards the causes and the effective healing of illness. From the viewpoint of medical and psychiatric anthropology, aspects of the treatment of such patients in the biocultural context are descri

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract::A total of 100 new patients was investigated who consulted the Department of Psychiatry of Tosei General Hospital concerning insomnia as a chief complaint. The average age of the subjects was 52, with an age range of 13–88, and a male female ratio of 1: 22. According to the DSM‐HI‐R classification, primary sleep disorder was most frequent (39%), followed by affective disorders (34%), organic mental disorders (9%), anxiety disorders (6%), psychoactive substance use disorders (4%), psychotic disorders not elsewhere classified (4%), and others. Various psychosocial stressors were observed in 40% of the subjects, and concurrent major physical disorders in 44% of the subjects. Based on the results, the role of consultation‐liaison psychiatry in treatment of sleep disorders and primary care was di

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A total of 104 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed as anxiety neurosis according to Feighner's Diagnostic Criteria was investigated pre‐ and/or after illness by using a personality trait checklist designed for this study. The seven traits that appeared most frequently in patient clinical records were chosen for a further study: readily concerned; strong sense of responsibility; social; considerate; impatient; dependent; introspective. The investigation revealed that the frequencies of the “social” and “strong sense of responsibility” traits were conspicuously low, while the “dependent” trait was conspicuously high in the after illness trait profile compared to the premorbid profile. As for the premorbid personality traits and recoveries, the poor recovery group showed a relatively low “considerate” trait and a conspicuously high “impat

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A hypothesis that Shiki's struggle for life probably influenced the creation of Morita therapy is presented. Although Morita had no personal acquaintance with Shiki, they did have three common friends in Terada, Wakao and Katori. Considering this, as well as the renown of Shiki's works, Morita likely knew much of Shiki and may have been deeply impressed by his approach to life. Several essential concepts of Morita therapy such as absolute bed‐rest, anguish and deliverance, “Arugamama,”“Jijitsu Yuishin,” desire to live, and the importance of keeping a diary can be found in Shiki's lifestyle and in his litera

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00518.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The developmental mode of eating disorder was studied by investigating 48 cases in detail. After various factors were examined, it appeared certain that the intensification of adolescent turmoil as well as the neurotic level of determinants can become the strong driving force and the cause of eating disorder. Among most cases, the less sprightly life is dominant around preadolescence, which affects the orientation of psychopathology in adolescence. Under the influence of the developmental mode in preadolescence, every case determines how to utilize adolescent mentality (asceticism and indulgence colored by masochism and defiance vs. obedience). With this standpoint, the author illustrates how there may occur branching out of the subtype of eating disorder.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Recent twin and family studies have demonstrated a genetic factor in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, some cases of infantile autism, enuresis, specific reading disability, sleepwalking, night terrors, common fears and anxiety. Family studies have been used to elucidate the nosological relationship of psychiatric disorders; e.g. anorexia nervosa (to affective disorder), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and sleeptalking. Advances in biochemical genetics and in enzyme polymorphisms suggest that there are wide individual variations in the adverse effects of drugs and that dosage should be tailored to the individual patient. Recently molecular genetic methods have been introduced to psychiatry, but a major breakthrough in this field appears to be still years away.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The current clinical psychiatric practice of herbal medicine in the People's Republic of China was explored by reviewing the literature. The results found in many of the articles were lacking methodological strictness. Some reliable articles reported that certain herbal medicines were effective for psychiatric conditions, and that a combination treatment of modern drugs with herbs was useful for the enhancement of the efficacy and the reduction of both recovery time and side effects. It is suggested that more sophisticated investigations are necessary to corroborate any conclusions concerning the value for herbal medicine in the psychiatric field.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We present here three cases of respiratory dyskinesia (RD). RD was observed with a video recording and other recordings were made of a respiratory airflow with a thermistor, and abdominal movement with a strain gauge. Neurological findings end CT scanning indicated marked organic changes in the brain in these 3 cases. RD was complicated with tardive dyskinesia of the tongue and lips, and the symptoms were aggravated during stress and absent during sleeping, which are the characteristic features of extrapyramidal symptoms. The symptoms of the three cases have improved by decreasing the dose of butyrophenone derivatives and discontinuing anti‐parkinsonian drugs, which suggested that an intracerebral imbalance of DA and ACh may be the cause of R

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A method of spatiotemporal analysis, using time series analysis techniques to represent activity in multiple brain regions, was applied to the interpretation of EEG information changes between the frontal and occipital areas during speech. This paper proposes and discusses a bidirectional communication model between the frontal and occipital cortices. Entropy analysis was introduced and used to simplify the calculation of transinformation in two dimensions. In this work, transinformation with direction between the frontal and occipital cortices before and during speech was investigated quantitatively for 11 subjects. The dominant information flow in the occipital‐frontal direction was found immediately before speech in the right hemisphere. During speech, the dominant information flow was found in the occipital‐frontal direction in both the right and left hemispheres. These results suggest that the method used in our work is feasible to analyze EEG signals in language proces

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We present a clinical case of a 43‐year‐old female with progressive systemic sclerosis, Basedow's disease, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus. She twice developed exacerbations of a psychotic state. She showed a depressive state followed by a paranoic hallucinatory state and stupor. Electroencephalograms revealed slow abnormal records both in psychotic and remitting periods and 123I IMP SPECT of the brain showed a low blood flow in the psychotic stage. A case of progressive diffuse sclerosis with a paranoic hallucinatory state is rarely reported. As her Basedow's disease had been well controlled, the psychotic symptoms of the present case are regarded as organic hallucinosis and organic delusional disorder due to progressive diffuse sclero

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY