摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐three adolescent schizophrenics were studied in regard to the problems of the course of illness, prognosis and defect. Illustrations of cases (follow‐up for three to 15 years) were presented.1) The course was considered chiefly from the viewpoint of positive symptoms, namely paranoid‐hallucinatory experiences. It was divided into the following four categories; remittent, persistent, scanty and fading types. At the same time, general characteristics of each type were discussed.2) As to the changes in clinical forms, hebephrenia was gradually manifested in more than half of the cases. There were some cases in which the expansion of paranoid activities were observed. These two prominent tendencies might be explained in terms of personality disintegration and maturation, We were impressed, in this regard, that autistic tendencies and behavior disturbances were more manifest in the initial stages in patients who later turned more hebephrenic.3) A mild defect was observed in fourteen cases, while a medium or severe defect was recognized in eight cases. Generally, the degree of defect seemed to be more manifest in female patients than in males. Moreover, the defect was generally more severe in early adolescent cases and in patients with insidious onsets as well as in those with a longer duration of illness than in mid‐adolescent patients and those with acute onsets and a shorter duration of illness.4) As the result of this investigation, it was substantiated that the prognosis in adolescent schizophrenia, especially in early adolescence, was unfavorable.5) Finally, we were impressed by the fact that there were many patients who were treated mainly in ambulatory clinics or who stayed at home in spite of the above‐mentioned unfavorable

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySixteen schizophrenics and 16 months were administered the mirror drawing test twice for 5 minutes, with a rest of 10 minutes intervening.1. In speed, the score on the last pre‐rest trial was not significantly different from that on the first post‐rest trial within the schizophrenic group, while within the normal group the difference was significant.2. In accuracy and task performance, within both the schizophrenic and normal groups, the differences between the two scores were significant.3. In all three scales, the reminiscence scores, as the difference between the first post‐rest and the last pre‐rest trial, of the schizophrenic group were significantly lower than those of normal groups.These results showed that the schizophrenic was characterized by low reminiscence scores. It was attempted to explain the schizophrenic in both terms of the inhibition theory and the consolidation theory of remin

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol levels was studied in 20 endogenous depressive patients who received one‐night sleep deprivation therapy and 10 normal controls who were also deprived of sleep together with patients by estimation at four‐hourly intervals over 36 hours. The mean values at each sampling time were compared.The result can be summarized as follows: The mean values of depressive patients tended to be higher than those of controls on the day following sleep deprivation. In depressive patients the mean values on the following day were higher compared to those on the preceding day. In the patients who responded well to sleep deprivation therapy, the circadian variation of mean values which was obscure the preceding day showed an evident rhythm the following day.These findings suggest that sleep deprivation may cause a different effect between depressive patients and normal subjects, and that the possible mechanism of the anti‐depressive efficacy of sleep deprivation may be to normalize the disturbed rhythm of the physiological function in depressive pat

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA 63–year‐old woman showed the dominant clinical features of aphasia as the initial symptom in the course of presenile progressive dementia. Computerized axial tomography showed strikingly dilated Syl‐vian fissures, particularly in its posterior aspect, in the presence of moderate diffuse cortical atrophy. EEG revealed a slowdown in activity with the dominance in the left fronto‐temporal area. The radiographic and EEG findings correlated well with the clinical data. This case was compared with those of presenile dementia previously reported. This is a unique case report of presenile d

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1) Plethysmograms taken during the resting state and during the mentally‐stimulated state were studied comparatively among cases with endogenous depression, neurosis and normal subjects. The pulse wave amplitude, baseline deflection and change in the pulse wave form accompanying the baseline deflection were investigated in 34 cases of endogenous depression and 34 cases of neurosis, and compared with 16 normal subjects by using a photoelectric finger plethysmograph.2) The subjects were classified into Group I‐a (inhibitory type) and Group I‐b (anxious type) in terms of depression, Group II‐a (inhibitory type) and Group II‐b (anxious type) in terms of neurosis, and Group III (normal subjects).3) There were no specific differences in the features of the pulse wave form either at rest or after stimulation among the groups.4) The pulse wave amplitude was decreased by stimulation in each group, and the recovery time was the shortest in cases of the inhibitory type of depression and the longest in cases of the anxious type of neurosis.5) The baseline deflection was analyzed in terms of A wave (duration of 2 to 5 seconds), B wave (duration of 6 to 10 seconds), C wave (duration of 11 to 20 seconds), D wave (duration of 21 to 40 seconds), E wave (duration of 41 to 60 seconds) and F wave (duration of 61 seconds and over). In cases of the inhibitory type of depression, D wave was the most prominent at rest. D waves tended to appear more regularly after stimulation. In cases of the anxious type of neurosis, B wave appeared most frequently, and was increased by stimulation.6) The features of the baseline deflection observed in Group I‐a and II‐b in the disease phase disappeared during a recovery period. The baseline deflection in those groups became similar to that of normal subjects both at rest and after stimulation.7) With reference to the change in the pulse wave form accompanying the baseline deflection, the amplitude of the pulse wave was high at the hill stage and low at the valley stage of the D wave. The values of C‘Y’ (sweeling in the diastolic phase after incisura) showed a tendency to be high at the hill stage and low at the valley stage of the D wave. In cases of endogenous depression, the D wave tended to be a regular triangular form with steep upward and gentl

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe reported six cases of the aortic arch syndrome with brain symptoms. Two could be explained directly as an organic impairment of the brain. In the remaining four cases, however, the mental symptoms were considered to have a basis of “anxiety.” They were easily precipitated by iatrogenic and other various environmental factors. The hyperventilation syndrome had a high incidence occurring in three out of the four cases of anxiety. Thus, it seems appropriate to interpret their symptoms psychosomatically. The production of brain symptoms may be due to psychosomatic mechanisms in many cases of the aortic arch syndr

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐three cases of adolescent atypical psychosis were reported, of which 12 were followed for more than three years (at the longest about 18 years).Our cases indicated apparent atypicalness in regard to the symptomatology and to the course, quite different from cyclothymic psychosis and schizophrenia. In an etiological point of view, hereditary predispositions were more frequently recognized in our cases than in schizophrenic cases, but because schizophrenics were found in the families of these patients, it was difficult for us to determine whether our cases belonged to an etiologically independent endogenous psychosis. However, we received the impression that atypical psychosis could be differentiated from others even in adolescents. But this psychosis was seldom found in childhood. While, through the comparison of these patients with adult cases and by considering previous research, we were led to the assumption that adolescent atypical psychosis might be understood as a minor pattern of the fully‐developed psychosis in adults but was provided with many properties specific to adolesce

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe CNV parameters (amplitude and morphology) and the relationship between CNV parameters and performances (motor response time) were studied on schizophrenics (15 subjects), neurotics (15 subjects) and normal controls (30 subjects divided into 2 groups) in order to clarify the property of CNV in psychiatric patients. Also, the relationship between CNV and personality traits was investigated in neurotics. Since it has been known that age, sex and psychoactive drugs influence the CNV genesis in normal subjects, the control group method was used for these factors in this study.The results obtained were as follows:1) Mean amplitudes of CNV's for schizophrenics and neurotics in each session of control, nonresponse and recovery tended to be lower than those for normal controls. Significant differences were found between schizophrenics and normal controls.2) Correlations between CNV amplitude and response time in schizophrenics tended to be positive, while normal controls showed significantly high negative correlations. These findings were discussed from the viewpoint of the arousal theory of CNV genesis.3) For the neurotic patients, the personality variables appeared to influence CNV amplitude.4) Type B‐CNV was most frequently seen in all sessions for normal controls. Schizophrenics and neurotics tended to show the increment of type P‐CNV in non‐response sessions without a motor response.5) “Field Dependency” type‐CNV was not found in psychiatric patients. This result did not correspond with the data reported by other investigators.6) Type III‐ and type IV‐ prolonged CNV's appeared almost especially in schizophrenics although type II‐CNV was observed in all groups. The mechanism of genesis of the prolonged CN

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVisual language comprehension capacity was compared with auditory language comprehension capacity in 26 aphasic subjects. The Token Test was used for both modalities. By the means of the difference in scores on the two tests three groups were separated, that is (1) a group with no essential difference between the two capacities, (2) a group with superior reading capacity and (3) a group with superior auditory capacity.Particular attention was directed to the second group. Seven subjects showed this type of dissociated comprehension. The group was found to be heterogeneous in their linguistic characteristics, The clinical type of aphasia included not only Wer‐nicke's aphasia but also Broca's aphasia.A possible psychological explanation underlying this phenomenon was attempted. Anatomical correlation was also attempted. The hypothesis of sparing the left inferior parietal lobe is proposed as an explanation of why visual comprehension was better preserved than auditory comprehensio

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY