ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn immunologic study was made on 170 epileptic patients treated with antiepileptic drugs. The most noteworthy finding was that the serum IgA was decreased in 22 patients, and an IgA deficiency noticed in 12 of them. The blastic transformation rate of lymphocytes in PHA‐containing cultures appeared low in seven out of 12 patients. Other findings included decreased serum IgM and IgG in some patients.These abnormalities were not encountered in epileptic patients taking no anti‐epileptic drugs. Therefore, they could be considered as the side effects of antiepileptic drugs. In all patients manifesting these abnormalities, diphenylhydantoin was used in common.It was surmised that the above‐mentioned immunologic abnormalities caused by anti‐epileptic drugs, especially diphenylhydantoin, had resulted from disorders of the antibody producing organs in the bone mar‐row‐thymus‐lym

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe contingent negative variation (CNV) was correlated with Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) in 43 healthy adults as follows:(1) The conventional CNV with motor‐response showed a negative correlation with the scores of extroversion in the MPI (E‐scores). The recovery of the conventional CNV after verbal extinction showed both a negative correlation with the E‐scores and a positive correlation with the scores of neuroticism (N‐scores).(2) The motor‐response‐deprived CNV in the stimuli and nonresponse sessions (Sa and Na) showed no correlation with the MPI, because they fluctuated according to the subject's attentiveness. On the other hand, the CNV in the discrimination session (Da) with constant attentiveness to stimuli showed a positive correlation with the N‐scores.(3) The response times in the control and response sessions showed a positive correlation with the N‐scores in males and a negative correlation in females. The correlation with the E‐scores wa

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. To assess the therapeutic effect of low‐dose L‐Dopa therapy and associated EEG changes in chronic schizophrenia, 10 patients with a mean duration of illness of 12.4 years were treated with L‐Dopa for a period of eight weeks during which the dosage was increased progressively from an initial level of 300 mg q.d. biweekly up to 600 mg q.d. The treatment was moderately effective in one case and slightly efficacious in one, produced no significant change in the conditions of seven patients while the remaining patient showed exacerbation; hence a noticeably low rate of improvement.There occurred no significant changes in the EEG pattern in the series of 10 patients on the average. The individual patients' responses, nevertheless, could be classified into three groups: one with no observable EEG changes, the second showing a slight degree of increase in alpha activity and the third exhibiting diminution of alpha activity in the EEG. The patients in the latter two groups all had durations of disease less than 10 years.2. Observations were made primarily of changes in the EEG in 20 chronically schizophrenic patients with a mean duration of disease of 13 years receiving 60 mg of vitamin B6(as pyridoxa15'‐phosphate) daily over a period of four weeks. Slight increase of alpha activity and decrease of theta activity in the EEG were noted on the average of the 20 cases, in response to the vitamin B6therapy. The increase of alpha activity was frcquently seen among patients with a duration of illness less than 10 years whose pretreatment EEG pattern had been alpha dominant (five out of 10 cases), whereas a slight ameliorative tendency of EEG was observed only in one out of 10 patients whose pretreatment EEG pattern had been slow‐wave dominant. Symptomatic improvement was evident only in one of the 20 cases studied.3. Observations were made of the therapeutic effect and associated EEG changes in eight patients receiving combined medication of 200 mg L‐Dopa and 30 mg vitamin B6(as pyridoxal 5'‐phos‐phate) daily for a period of 12 weeks.Of these eight patients with a mean duration of disease of 18.3 years, two showed excellent response, three good and three fair; hence good to excellent responses attained in five out of the eight cases or 62.5%. A marked increase in alpha activity in the EEG occurred from the 2nd to 4th weeks onward in all eight cases. The EEG changes were likely to precede the symptomatic improvement.4. To sum up the results of these three clinical trials, administration of L‐Dopa alone resulted in practically no symptomatic improvement or EEG changes in patients with chronic schizophrenia whilst vitamin B6administered singly as pyridoxal‐5'‐phos‐phate scarcely produced significant symptomatic improvement but brought about a slight ameliorative tendency in the EEG of such patients. Both symptomatic amelioration and EEG improvement occurred following combined medication of L‐Dopa and vitamin B6The findings suggest that diminution of the activity of decarboxylase essential to the metabolism of L‐Dopa to DA might be present in chronic

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe therapeutic effectiveness of sulpiride on various types of neurosis was compared with that of chlordiazepoxide on a double‐blind basis.Global improvement, effectiveness on various types of neurosis, and side effects were studied for a period of two weeks. The subjects consisted of 41 males and 32 females. Neurosis including borderline case and vegetative dystonia was divided into eight different subtypes comprising borderline, neurasthenic state, hypochondria, obsessive neurosis or phobia, depressive neurosis, anxiety neurosis, vegetative dystonia, and others.A newly devised matched‐pair method of comparison was employed to achieve even distribution of the eight subtypes of neurosis between the two drug groups. As a result 40 patients fell in the sulpiride group and 33 patients in the chlordiazepoxide group. The backgrounds of the paired patients matched closely. The daily dose was uniformly 150 mg for sulpiride and 30 mg for chlordiazepoxide in the first week but was raised (or lowered in some cases) to 225 mg and 45 mg, respectively, in the second week according to severity.The rate of global improvement was 79% for the sulpiride group and 90% for chlordiazepoxide group, and the difference did not reach statistical significance. Improvement by manifestation (13 symptom items) and type of neurosis also matched.Side effects occurred at a rate of 28% (sulpiride group) and 30% (chlordiazepoxide group), and also matched closely in incidence and variety.The authors conclud&that sulpiride in appropriate doses is useful in the treatment of neurosis without causing extrapyramidal side effe

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClinical and pathological studies have been conducted on two brothers with unusual encephalopathy of Binswanger's type. The disease started in the third decade with steady progressive course leading to death in eight or nine years. The clinical picture was summarized as a combination of organic dementia, extrapyramidal disorders associated with pseudobulbar symptoms and marked pyramidal tract signs. The blood pressure remained always normal during the course. Pathologically, there were diffuse and focal demyelination with sparing of U‐fibers, multiple small foci of perivascular softening in the cerebral white matter and in the basal ganglia and severe arterio‐sclerotic changes of meningeal small arteries and long arteries with 100 to 400 micron caliber in the cerebral white matter. Vessel changes consisted of fibrous intimal proliferation, severe hyalinosis and splitting of intima and/or internal elastic membrane.The histopathological process belonged to the category of subcortical arteriosclero‐tic encephalopathy of Binswanger's type. There has been some discussion as to differential diagnosis among various forms of vasculitis such as cerebral endangiitis obli‐terans, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic vascular disease and giant cell ar

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectron microscopic studies of the T‐systems in mammalian muscles were performed to investigate the effects of hyperos‐molar glycerol solution and dantrolene sodium. The results indicate that in mammalian muscles the terminal cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum seem to be the site of morphological changes which occur when the muscle specimens were transferred from the hypertonic glycerol solution to isotonic washing solution. When the muscle specimen was further exposed to dantrolene solution, the above changes were intensified. The changes of the terminal cisterns of SR were characterized by prominent vacuolar changes and the T‐tubules were pressed and narrowed by those vacuoles secondarily. The glycerol and dantrolene technique did not cause any electron microscopic changes in the sarcolemma, myofi‐brils, nor Z‐discs, and selective changes in the T‐system, i.e. at the terminal cisterns of SR were demonstrated. This technique, excitation‐contraction uncoupling, abolishes isometric twitch tension up to 99.7% and serves for the purpose of prolonged intracellular recordings of mammalian muscles without movement indu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary(1) The activities of choline acetyltrans‐ferase (ChAc) (EC 2.3.1.6) and acetyl‐cholinesterase (AChE) (EC 3.1.1.7) were determined in about one hundred regions and subregions of baboon brain. The activities and distributions of these enzymes were in comparable to those found previously in the brains of other species.(2) ChAc activity was highest in the in‐terpeduncular nucleus, where it was about twice that in the putamen, the region previously thought to be the richest in this enzyme. The caudate nucleus, the substantia perforata, the nucleus basalis, the central part of the amygdala and the oculomotor nucleus also had high activities. The activities in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex were less than one twentieth of that in the inter‐peduncular nucleus.(3) The distribution of AChE activity was not entirely in parallel with that

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lateral geniculate phasic wave (GL wave, GLW) was studied at awaking, during the REM period of sleep (REMP) and after administration of reserpine (RSP) and para‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). The GLWs were classified by the time relation to the eye movements (EMS) into three groups of the GL‐preceding GLW (GLWs precede EMS or concur with EMS), the EM‐preced‐ing GLW (EMS precede GLWs) and the EM‐discording GLW (GLWs not associated with EMS). Changes in occurrence of thus classified GLWs and in the EM‐GLW time (time delay between EM and GLW) were examined with supplementary administration of eserine and atropine. The results were as follows:1. During the REMP, the EM‐GLW time of the GL‐preceding GLW showed shortening by eserine and prolongation by atropine. On the other hand, the EM‐GLW time of the EM‐preceding GLW was recognized no definite affection.2. After the administration of RSP and PCPA, the GL‐preceding GLWs increased soon after the eserine injection whereas markedly decreased after atropine. In the atropine‐pretreated cats, the occurrence of the GL‐preceding GLWs by RSP was inhibited. These drugs exerted little influence on the occurrence of the EM‐preceding GLWs.3. These results suggest that cholinergic mechanisms underlie the production of the GL‐preceding GLWs but don't play an important role in the produc

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBiochemical analyses of brain samples of an Animal Model of Depression indicate the state of motionlessness observed in response to a conditioned stimulus was due to an excess in functional activity of serotonin. An excess functional activity of serotonin may be directly responsible for human depressive illness. This conflicting conclusion to the currently popular theories of serotonin defkiency was discussed with reference to the animal and clinical data in the literature which are consistent with the conclusion.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1976.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY