摘要:

AbstractTraining in social skills has been shown to have a strong, positive impact, according to behavioral measures, on social skills, self‐rated assertiveness, and the hospital discharge rate. It is important to establish a system of assessing social skills because it is necessary for the effects of social skills training to be assessed in Japan. In Project 1, we devised a Japanese version of the role play test to quantify social skills using a standard method. We tested 30 patients attending the day hospital who were considered to need intensive rehabilitation. We found the role play test had high inter‐rater and test‐retest reliability, and had construct validity and criterion related validity. Thus, the role play test was thought to be a useful tool for assessing social skills. For Project 2, eight inpatients who were ready for discharge but who needed to improve their skills in self‐managed medication participated in this study. The social skills of self‐managed medication assessed using the role play test were significantly improved after the subjects participated in the Medication Management Module of the UCLA social and independent living skills program. Knowledge of self‐managed medication also tended to improve after training. This study is preliminary and it should be confirmed that improved skills influenced by the medication management module decreases the re

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractShortening of hippocampal formation (HF) in chronic schizophrenic patients have been demonstrated in our previous study. The purpose of the present study is to test if shortening of the HF occurs in schizophrenic patients suffering their initial psychotic episode. We performed contiguous, 1 mm thick, magnetic resonance imaging scans in 20 first‐episode schizophrenic patients, 21 chronic schizophrenic patients, and 25 healthy subjects. Both groups of schizophrenic patients demonstrated significant shortening of the HF compared with normal controls (first‐episode schizophrenia, 5.3%; chronic schizophrenia, 8.0%). However, the HF length was not significantly different between the first‐episode and chronic schizophrenic patients. No significant correlation was seen between the HF length and the duration of illness in chronic schizophrenic patients. These results suggest that the HF shortening observed in schizophrenic patients may be genetic and/or developmental in o

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntiepileptic drugs (AED) were discontinued in 55 epileptics who had been free from seizures treated with AED, in accordance with the following criteria and procedures. (i) A reduction in AED commences when patients have been free from seizures for at least 2 years and epileptic discharges have also disappeared in repeated electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during that period. (ii) AED are gradually reduced if no relapse is seen in clinical seizures and epileptic discharges in EEG. (iii) As a rule at least 2 years are required as the interval from the onset of a reduction to the withdrawal of AED. Forty‐three patients were followed up by a questionnaire and/or by telephone and the follow‐up period from the withdrawal of AED to the survey ranged from 0.9 to 8.8 years; in 38 patients (88.4%) the period was longer than 2 years. No relapse of seizures was found in any of the 43 patients. The severity of epilepsy judged by the total number and frequency of seizures, the presence of neuropsychiatric complications, the combination of different types of seizures, and the duration of epilepsy from the seizure onset to the last seizure appeared not to be risk factors for the recurrence of seizure. Normal EEG was, however, considered to be an important prerequisite for a good progno

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn effective method to disrupt the process of post‐traumatic epilepsy must await scientific understanding of epileptogenesis. If hemorrhage‐induced focal lipid peroxidation is operant, then a strategy designed to disrupt initiation reactions may prove success

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree kinds of missense mutation at codon 717 of amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene (Val→Ile; Val→Gly; Val→Phe) were screened in 114 patients with familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), using a rapid testing method for each Val→Gly and Val→Phe mutation and Goate's method for Val→Ile mutation based on the polymerase chain reaction. Mutations were not found in the subjects, confirming earlier suggestions that these three mutations at codon 717 of APP gene account for only a small proportion of cases of not only familial AD but also

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is regarded as a model of the epileptic syndrome because of its specific clinicoelectrical manifestation. However, a close investigation reveals that its outline is somewhat vague, having the borderland around it. Precise diagnosis in an individual case is not always easy. In this paper, the diagnostic criteria of LGS are described. According to these criteria, cases with LGS were subclassified into the typical and the atypical cases, and also cases in the borderland of LGS were reviewed. On the other hand, our prospective long‐term follow‐up study revealed that cortical mechanisms played an important role in the pathophysiology, clinical features and refractoriness of LGS.Secondary bilateral synchrony (SBS) is supposed to be a mode of expression of cortical mechanisms of LGS. A newly developed method with coherence and phase analysis demonstrated that the pathophysiology was based on SBS in 33% of the typical LGS cases. This finding is not only crucial for the choice of rational treatment including epilepsy surgery, such as callosotomy, but also contributes to a more refined subclassification o

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt present, in the field of clinical epilepsy, it has been established that single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is useful for the regional determination of epileptic foci. In particular, it seems to be of great advantage to the field of clinical epilepsy that epileptic foci situated in the deep regions of the brain are detectable by the three‐dimensional resolution power in SPECT, because such foci are not often represented on routine scalp electroencephalograph (EEG). In reference to our review published previously,1recent findings in SPECT studies of partial epilepsies are surveyed her

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb02171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY