ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn recent years, recognition of the importance of sleep, not only as a health problem but also as a social problem, has brought about worldwide growing interest in sleep and sleep research. In Asian countries, the number of sleep researchers is increasing rapidly and as a result the Asian Sleep Research Society (ASRS) was founded in 1994. This paper reviews the main topics of basic and clinical sleep research which have been investigated recently in Japan and in Asian countries. The subjects of sleep research in Asia in the future will be, in principle, similar to those in other countries of the world. However, the author suggests several subjects which are more or less specific to Asia and which should be studied in association, such as epidemiological longitudinal study of sleep disorders in developing countries, characteristics of sleep and dreaming in oriental culture and philosophy, etc. The roles of ASRS in dissemination of information, promotion of training and education, and enlightenment of public and government were also emphasized.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttitudes to dream evaluation vary depending on culture. Dreams are considered important, real, and public in some cultures, but absurd, irrational and personal in others. Japan has its own history of dreaming, which can be well reconstructed due to rich sources of archeological and documentary material. In this paper dream evolution in Japan is described. Phase 1 is the prehistoric Jomon period, where people believed dreams were part of reality. From Phase 2, the sophisticated philosophies of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were introduced and changed the social and mental system of Japan in phase 3. At phase 4, the amalgamation of local and alien cultures occurred and supernatural beliefs prevailed. In this society dreams played a very important role. Phase 5 is the period when the Samurai class ruled Japan. The pragmatic thinking of the Samurai succeeded in fostering good preconditions for the receipt of scientific Western culture in phase 6. The importance of dreams in Japan evolved in such a way. However, the elements of each phase continued and accumulated similar layers. Thus, a majority of the phases seemed to retain animism from the Jomon period.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTraditional Chinese culture‐constituted health beliefs continue to influence the Taiwanese people after more than one hundred years of contact with Western medicine. Medicine for sleep disorders, as well as psychiatric medicine, meets some specific difficulties in the professional development. A study of insomnia in Taiwan showed that patients might seek help from a traditional physician and visit a modern hospital at the same stage of medication. General internists and neurologists help to differentiate organic conditions underlying sleep problems but may generalize insomnia to a psychogenic illness. The culture‐conditioned attribution of insomnia could also exert certain effects upon pharmacotherapeutic respo

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPresent day neurophysiology stops with attributing thinking processes as the highest level of function of the brain. It has been common knowledge to oriental thinkers for many centuries, that there are many further states of the human mind, culminating in the state of thoughtless awareness; the fourth state of consciousness. This state must have a physiological basis. The complicated structure of the brain, the extravagant abundance of neural and glial elements in the brain, the infinite possibilities of synaptic junctions and synaptic transmission, and the multitude of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators; all these point to the definite possibility of a much greater level of performance and achievement for the human brain than has been apparent so far. Not only the theories but also the experience of Eastern seers have shown that the brain can transcend the boundaries of logic and reason, and experience states of awareness, commonly unrecognized. In the past few decades, knowledge about the functioning of the human brain has been growing exponentially and scientists of diverse disciplines are concentrating on unraveling its mysteries. It is necessary for scientists to investigate this state with all available tools and find the neurophysiological basis of this state.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), or ‘Lai Tai’ in northeastern Thai dialects usually occurs during sleep in healthy young adults, mostly male. The characteristics of Lai Tai are similar to SUNDS which has been reported in several southeast Asian countries and in Japan by the name of ‘Bangungut’ in Tagalog or ‘Pokkuri’ in Japanese. The condition has been recognized by the people in the northeastern part of Thailand for many years. Elderly people in the region have described ‘Lai Tai’ victims as making loud groans and showing signs of difficulty in breathing or labored respiration, who become rigid and die. Data, from relatives or those who had witnessed the episodes of deaths, revealed that the deaths usually occurred in the same manner as described by the elderly. The data also reported that the patients were unresponsive and difficult to arouse. From these reports it is likely that the instability of the physiological systems, especially respiration, in particular during the REM phase, may play some roles in precipitating t

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSleep is an ubiquitous phenomenon. It is a developmental product, being subjected to the vicissitudes of human behavior and culture. The author will attempt to elaborate on sleep, sleep disorders, and sleep medicine in Korea from various developmental perspectives (i.e. personal, national and scientific).Korea is a rapidly developing industrialized nation and is now experiencing immense cultural changes which force individuals to change their behavior and value systems. For example, shift working is becoming increasingly popular and early working hours are being adopted by more companies as a measure to win competitions in the international market. In the clinical setting it is observed very easily that patients develop and maintain disturbed sleep‐wake rhythm and its consequences. More obstructive sleep apnea, presumably due to obesity, are observed and studied in sleep clinics. The nuclear family system, an inevitable outcome of industrialization, produces some profound difference in sleeping arrangement such as children's earlier separation from parental or grandparental sleeping environment. The question is how these and other industrialization‐related changes may affect the incidence and the manifestation of sleep and sleep disorders. In the background there is emerging interest in healthy sleep and sleep disorders, exemplified by increasing coverage of the topics in the mass media and the publication business.Development of sleep medicine/researchper sealso involves a developmental perspective. Interests in sleep and sleep disorders began sporadically decades ago in Korea and are now actively being organized mainly by the Korean Association of Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology as a unified developing force.Understanding of sleep and of sleep disorders is not complete without in‐depth understanding of culture, philosophy, and tradition from developmental perspectives. Traditional ideas and wisdom from the past are the unavoidable resources for further understanding sleep and developing sleep researches/medicine in Korea as well as in

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcupuncture is a simple and useful treatment for insomnia, with a success rate of around 90%. The acupuncture points applied vary depending on the doctor and on the case, but the usual points are Shenmen (HT7) and Anmien (extrapoint). The mechanism of this treatment has not been well elucidated. Acupuncture analgesia may be used as a great indicator, because in both practices needles are inserted in deep tissues as the common stimulation. The possible neuronal integration and transmitter effect in the acupuncture treatment for insomnia are discussed.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (JY‐BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY‐BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α= 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY‐BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY‐BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY‐BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY‐BOCS and those on scales for depre

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY