摘要:

Abstract:Over the past 20 years from 1961, we have been conducting research on the relation between the mental and physical state of old people and the depopulation process in the mountain areas of Japan. People over 65 years old have been studied annually, with the use of Hasegawa's method and Amako's scale of grading age and Zung's depression scale mentally. For their physical checkup, ECG and blood pressure, etc. were taken. In the early stages of our study, a significant difference was observed between the people in the depopulated areas and those living in the plains. However, we have been unable to find significant differences of the occurrence of senile dementia between these two areas since 1977, nor of the physical state of the elderly since 1981. We did observe more people with a higher level of Zung's depression scale in the depopulated areas in 1984. Since Japan's economic growth slowed down by the two oil shocks has never revitalized the depopulated areas, the old people are still left alone in the mountain areas. However, they now regularly receive good meal services by local welfare committees. Supermarkets have also appeared in some villages, so that the aged have easier access to nutritious food such as meats, fruits and milk. Still, we find bedridden elderly patients more often in these depopulated areas, as well as a statistically greater incidence of suicides (r =− 0.42, p<0.01). It is our fervent desire that more psychological support should be given to the aged in the depopulated areas, such as visits to their homes by public nurses, or more frequent phone‐calls by volunte

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Two hundred and sixty‐eight Japanese aged 19 or below were studied retrospectively from their medical records to determine the relationship between the sibship size (number of siblings in the family) and the appearance of symptoms of anxiety, hypochondriasis and depression during the time period I (1955 + 1960 + 1965) and the time period II (1970 + 1975 + 1978). The results showed that only sons and either sex of a large sibship size (4 or more) possessed these three symptoms to a larger extent than only daughters and either sex of a medium sibship size (2 or 3) during both time periods. These three adult‐type neurotic symptoms were thought to be manifested among the children and adolescents who communicated primarily with adults and/or those who were required by their parents to exhibit adult‐type behavior whether in traditional or in modern Japanese fam

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:ECG measurements of consecutive 100 R‐R intervals were done on depressive patients. The patient group presented lower mean values for coefficients of variation (CV) at each generation than the control group (normal subjects); the differences were significant especially for the subjects 40 to 49 years of age (P<0.05) and for those 60 to 69 years of age (P<0.01). These results can probably be regarded as a significant and objective index of autonomic disturbances in depressio

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Few studies on schizophrenia with respect to the circadian alteration of the sleep‐wake rhythm have been reported. We made a comparative study of the sleep‐wake rhythm between chronic inpatient schizophrenics with a relatively bed‐prone daily life and normal subjects under the conditions of absolute bed‐rest to elucidate the chronobiological features of schizophrenia. The sleep‐wake rhythm of the schizophrenics differed from that of the normals in two points:1) A significant difference was observed in the decrease of Stage 4 during their nocturnal sleep compared with the normal subjects, becoming conspicuous with the increasing lapse of time during sleep.2) The distribution and amount of their REM sleep in the morning were markedly low and the latency of their REM sleep was also prolonged. These facts suggested that the smooth slide of the sleep‐wake rhythm was somewhat disturbed in the schizophrenics and that they were, therefore, in a state of hyperarousal despite their

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:On the basis of our recent finding that all narcoleptic patients were HLA‐DR2 positive, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were examined in 30 HLA‐DR2 positive narcoleptic patients by using monoclonal antibodies and a flow cytometry. The percentages of OKIa1+cells and OKM1+cells increased significantly, while no quantitative changes were observed in the T cell subsets examined in the present study. No major immunological abnormalities which altered the T cell subpopulations quantitatively were apparent in narcole

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Three cases with the occurrence of asterixis during the administration of L‐dopa were reported. Liver and metabolic functions were normal in all the patients. Upon the appearance of asterixis no other involuntary movements probably resulting from an excess administration of L‐dopa were observed. Asterixis occurred accompanied by clinical symptoms such as hallucination and a mild clouding of consciousness by insomnia. Because of its reversal with drug withdrawal, asterixis seemed to be L‐dopa‐related. The biochemical basis of asterixis is not known but may involve the dopaminergic or serotonergic

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were measured in 27 patients with epilepsy, another three epileptic patients with status epilepticus and three epileptic patients with chronic cerebellar ataxia. The mean lumbar CSF GABA levels of the 27 patients with epilepsy were not significantly different from those of normal controls. Six of these 27 patients who had daily partial complex and partial motor seizures showed significantly low CSF GABA levels as did the six other patients, three each with status epilepticus and chronic cerebellar ataxia. These findings suggest that some epileptic patients have impaired brain GABAergic neuro

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in alcoholism and schizophrenia were investigated by means of the simultaneous determination, using β‐phenyl‐ethylamine, tryptamine and serotonin as substrates. No significant difference was found between the MAO levels in the alcoholic and schizophrenic groups, when tryptamine was used as a substrate, but both groups showed lower values than the controls. On the other hand, β‐phenylethylamine, a specific substrate for MAO B used as a substrate, showed no significant difference between the alcoholic and control groups in the activities. These two groups showed higher values in MAO activity than the schizophrenic group, whereas when MAO activity was estimated using serotonin, platelet enzyme was found to be inhibited significantly in alcoholism, and the level of activities in the schizophrenics was similar to that of the controls. Moreover, the β‐phenylethylamine inhibition curve obtained serotonin as the substrate in the pooled platelets of 50 normal human subjects, and the MAO activity could not be inhibited by higher concentrations than the Km value of serotonin. These findings suggested that there might be two interacting catabolic sites having different substrate affinities in blood platelet MAO. Thus, it could be speculated that serotonergic catabolic sites of MAO in the platelets are disturbed in the alcoholics, while β‐phenylethylaminergic catabolic sites of platelet MAO are inherently vulnerable in

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In order to examine the serotonin metabolism in children with attention deficit disorder (ADD), plasma tryptophan, which is the precursor of serotonin, was measured in 10 children with ADD and 12 normal children.1) The mean plasma total tryptophan level in the children with ADD was not significantly different from that of the normal children.2) The mean plasma free tryptophan level in the children with ADD was significantly higher than that in the normal children. There tended to be a positive correlation between the plasma free tryptophan level and the Werry‐Weiss‐Peters Activity Scale in children with ADD. In other words, the more severe the hyperactivity of ADD, the higher the plasma free tryptophan level.3) The mean ratio of plasma free to total tryptophan levels in the children with ADD was significantly higher than that in the normal children, which means that the children with ADD showed a high amount of free tryptophan in the total tryptophan level.These results suggest that there might be some disturbance in the tryptophan‐serotonin metabolism in the brain of a chi

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Deposits of neuronal ceroid‐lipofuscinosis in two cases were studied using the electron microscopy. The structure most frequently observed in both cases was a curvilinear body containing fingerprint patterns. Other structures, such as the granular pattern, zebra body‐like structure and vacuole, were also observed less frequently. A loose pattern, which had an intermediate curvature between the fingerprint pattern and curvilinear body, was found for the first time. They might play an important role on the morphogenesis in the deposit of neuronal ceroid‐lipofusci

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY