摘要:

Abstract:Through my clinical experiences, the symptom which is explained as a defense mechanism, projection, seems to be divided into complete (Freud) and incomplete one. One is the patient who accepts the symptom which is quite unfamiliar (Projection) and the other, as I tried to explain in this paper, accepts the symptom as rather familiar. The patient who shows the incomplete projection could not project his own inner anxiety completely into the outside world, which results as a guilty feeling even having projective symptoms.The idea of incomplete projection is a useful way to understand clinically the patient and also I found that the patient who shows the symptom of projection sometimes has the incomplete type of projection through the course of psychotherapy.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The speed of recognition of Japanese Kana (phonetic) and Kanji (ideographic) symbols tachistoscopically presented either to the left or the right visual field in 20 normal right‐handed Japanese subjects (10 males and 10 females) was investigated. A significant right visual field superiority for the recognition of both meaningful and nonsense Kana words was obtained, while there was a lack of laterality differences in recognition of meaningful Kanji words. The results indicated that Kanji processing is somewhat different from Kana processing. Sex did not influence visual field preferences regardless of the kind of verbal stimul

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The level of consciousness between the alert and drowsy states was classified into four stages (Alert, Resting I, Resting II, Drowsy) by studying three factors of the EEG patterns on 23 normal subjects. The eye movements recorded by electro‐oculograph were divided into two groups, i.e. rapid eye movements (R type, r type) and slow eye movements (S type, s type). The occurrence of each type of eye movements was confirmed to change in close correspondence to the stages of consciousness.The eye movements on 43 cases with a disturbance of consciousness by metabolic disease were recorded longitudinally according to clinical states. The S type movements were predominantly observed in a state of clouding of consciousness, while the R type and R‐S type were observed in a delirious st

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) were studied in 26 schizophrenics and 20 normal controls. A light spot on a screen of cathode ray oscilloscope was used as a tracking target. In order to induce SPEM disorder easily, the subjects were required to track a light spot which flickered in various frequencies. This new method devised by the authors has clearly demonstrated that the SPEM in schizophrenics was more profoundly disturbed by the flickering of the tracking target than that in the normal control subjects. It was supposed that poor tracking of a flickering light spot in schizophrenics may be due to the inadequate concentration of attention to visual stimuli, and/or inability to predict the movements of a tracking target.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:With 200 SEPs of normal human subjects, the sex differences in the waveform of the Group Mean SEP were established eliminating those attributable to the peripheral factors, the statures and the nutritional conditions represented by Rohrer's index. The differences in baseline amplitude of the Group Mean SEP between sexes, in the sections between 25–110 msec and behind 400 msec in latency, were verified removing those between the tallers and the shorters and those between with high and with low values of Rohrer's index, not attributable to these peripheral factors and might be the central origin. The differences in the Scaled Group Mean SEP were also verified similarly, being more a significant indication of the sex difference itself than those in the Group Mean SE

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:XX male is a rather rare condition among general population. A case of schizophrenia‐like psychosis in a 46, XX male found among 4,129 male inpatients in Japanese mental hospitals was presented. The main clinical feature was a formal thought disorder that included delusions, auditory hallucinations and poor reality testing. This is the first report of the 46, XX male with schizophrenia‐like psycho

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A lithium and carbamazepine combination was reported in five patients with bipolar disorder (DSM‐III), who had not received benefits from conventional treatments. Patients 1, 2 and 4 showed favorable antimanic responses to carbamazepine used in combination with lithium carbonate. Patient 3 did not respond well to either lithium or carbamazepine alone, but improved dramatically on the simultaneous administration of the two drugs. The prophylactic benefit was observed in two patients. These clinical results suggest that a lithium and carbamazepine combination may be more efficacious in the treatment of acute manic episode and the prevention of affective recurrences than each drug alon

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Six age groups, each composed of four animals from each of the following ages, were used to assess age‐related ultrastructural changes in the neuropil of the III layer of the frontal cortex in rats: 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months old. Random samplings within the neuropil were taken to produce 40 electron micrographs in each rat (totaling 960). The profiles of axon terminals, dendrites and astroglial processes in the neuropil of each micrograph were traced. Then the percentage of their areas for the area of neuropil (relative volume fraction) was examined using the image analyzer system.The relative volume fractions of both the axon terminals and dendrites for the neuropil were found to have decreased in the aged rats. On the contrary, the relative volume fraction of astroglial processes for the neuropil had progressively increased with agin

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effect of chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin on the fine structures of the rat cerebellum was ultrastructurally investigated. Materials from nine control rats and 16 experimental rats to which 200 to 300 mg/kg b.wt. of diphenylhydantoin was administered orally for 12 months were studied with the light and electron microscopes. The most striking changes were observed in the presynaptic boutons located predominantly in the molecular layer and the neuropil of deep cerebellar nuclei and sometimes in the granule cell layer. The changes consisted of the proliferation of either interconnected tubules 150 to 350 Å in diameter associated with membranous scrolls and/or membranous strands separated by a cleft‐like space, or parallel tubules about 600 Å in diameter with a honeycomb‐like architecture in the cross section, and hypertrophy of the boutons. Other alterations were a generalized increase in the density of the axoplasmic matrix, the accumulation of mitochondria, vesicular structures and dense bodies, an increased number of neurofilaments and a decreased number of synaptic vesicles. The axon displayed morphological abnormalities similar to those found in the terminal boutons. Along with the synaptic and axonic changes mentioned above, the perikaryal alterations in the Purkinje cell and in granule cell layers and deep cerebellar nuclei were also found, but they were generally not so prominent so that they were considered to reflect a non‐specific reaction to synapto‐axonic changes rather than a primary degenerative change. However, in contrast to the neuronal changes, no indication of damage of the glial elements was found, nor were there vascula

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In order to observe a normal peripheral nerve and a changed peripheral nerve by means of a scanning electron microscope, the present study was carried out. In the changed nerve fibers, they were enveloped by many processes of hypertrophied Schwann cells, and the processes of the Schwann cells seemed to make a pseudosyntitium‐like structure with each other. From this finding, it was speculated that these Schwann cells seemed to follow the reverse process in the development of normal peripheral nerve fiber

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1981.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY