摘要:

Abstract:The authors studied the validity of a low dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in identifying depression. Nine patients who met the criteria of major depressive episode (MDE) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, another nine psychiatric patients and one normal subject underwent the DST. At least one of the two blood samples obtained either at 8 a.m. or at 2 p.m. from each of the nine patients with MDE showed a Cortisol concentration of over 5.0 μg/dl, while the Cortisol concentration in the other 10 subjects was uniformly suppressed under this level. All the patients with MDE could be identified by nonsuppression of the Cortisol secretion at 8 a.m. or at 2 p.m. An “early escape” phenomenon in depressed patients reported by Carroll et al. (1976) was absent in a 0.5 mg DST, and the blood samples at 8 p.m. were less useful for identifying the depressive patient. The reason why the one point sampling method used by previous investigators was insufficient to identify the depressed patient was discu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A survey of children aged under 18 years in Fukushima‐ken (prefecture) in Japan showed that 2.33 per 10,000 children suffered from early infantile autism. The average of prevalence rates of autistic children born between 1968 and 1974 was 4.96 per 10,000 children. Based on a comparison between cities and rural districts, the prevalence rates of the former were significantly higher than those of the latter. Autistic boys outnumbered autistic girls with a sex ratio of 9: 1. Psychiatric illnesses; were very rare among the relatives of autistic children. The rate of prenatal and perinatal complications was higher than the national norm among autistic children. Parents of autistic children had a significantly higher education than the national norm. There were more nuclear families in the autistic group than in the national nor

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This is a clinico‐pathological study of the relationship between Pick's disease and head trauma. Seven of our autopsied cases with Pick's disease had clinical histories and/or neuropathological evidence of a head trauma. Two cases showed no pathological evidence of traumatic brain damage, although they had clinical histories of a head trauma. The other five cases had old contusions located chiefly on the frontal and temporal bases. As far as we know, there is no reported case of Pick's disease with old contusions in the literature. Therefore, our five cases are of great importance to the study of the relationship between Pick's atrophic processes and traumatic brain damage. The conclusion of our study is that traumatic brain damage involving the atrophy centers of Pick's disease or the adjacent regions could evoke or intensify Pick's atrophic processe

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A computerized tomography (CT) of the brain was carried out on 40 manic‐depressive patients and 40 controls in order to study the organic characteristics of the brain in manic‐depressive psychosis. In the age group of 49 years and below, the left septum‐caudate distance (LSC) showed a lower value in the manic‐depressive group, but the other measurements for the ventricular system did not differ between both groups. The age group of 50 and over revealed a significant enlargement of maximum width of the inter‐hemispheric fissure (IF) and maximum width between the sylvian fissure and inner skull (SFIS) in the manic‐depressive group compared with the controls. The tendency to an enlargement of the third ventricle (IIIV) and maximum width of the right anterior horn (RAH) was also seen in the manic‐depressive patients. Cortical atrophy tended to appear in the temporal and occipital lobes earlier in the manic‐depressive group than in the controls. The patients showing a cerebral asymmetry of the hemisphere in the manic‐depressive group tended to show a reversed c

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A predominant disturbance of expressive language function was the first and outstanding manifestation of presenile dementia in a 40‐year‐old female. A CT‐scan revealed a moderate atrophy in the frontal, triangular and opercular regions. This is an unusual case of presenile dementia with an aphasic disturbance of language as the initial sy

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Clinico‐neuropathological studies were conducted on three patients of a family with parkinsonism. The clinical features of these three cases included juvenile parkinsonism with subcortical dementia. Neuropatho‐logical changes observed in common were the simple degeneration of the substantia nigra, globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, spheroid bodies in the reticular zone of the substantia nigra, intracytoplasmic deposits of an eosinophilic substance in the nerve cells of the locus caeruleus and a swelling of nerve cells of the thalamus and brainstem nuclei. In one of the cases, electron microscopy of the locus caeruleus demonstrated dense bodies scattering within meshes of tubules in the cytoplasm of nerve cells. All these findings led to the conclusion that the pathologic diagnosis was identified as familial neuroaxonal dystrophy with the principal lesions of nigro‐pallido‐subthalamic degen

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Nerve terminals in the lateral septum were studied by electron microscopy in the rat after lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The results were as follows: 1) The electron‐lucent degenerations showed a reduction in the number of vesicles and the swelling of terminals and/or vesicles. These degenerating terminals predominated at two days of survival period. The electron‐dense degenerations which showed a darkening and shrinkage of the terminals mainly appeared at four days of survival period. 2) Most of the degenerating terminals contained large core vesicles of a diameter in the range of 800–1500 A. 3) The percentage of the degenerating terminals to all the terminals on the electron micrographs was about 7%. 4) The F‐type synapses were not found in the lateral septum of the normal and SCN lesion rats. These data confirmed the existence of the projection which reached the lateral septum from the SCN and suggested to us that these synapses were so‐called peptidergic

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Central nervous system tissue autopsy samples from seven Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, four Guam Parkinsonism‐dementia complex and three Chamorro control cases were analyzed for aluminum, calcium, copper and manganese contents using the neutron activation analysis. ALS cases showed a high content of aluminum which corresponded to the area of degeneration in CNS tissue while calcium and manganese each showed a low content. PD cases showed a still higher content of aluminum, diffusely distributed. Copper and manganese levels were high while calcium showed a low content. The low calcium contents may be ascribed to the long period of formalin fixation. These findings support the indication that aluminum may participate in a CNS degenerative process of these diseases with interaction of other metal

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A statistical diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis (MS) was developed by using the history and clinical findings of 92 cases of MS and 168 cases of other diseases from which the disease has to be differentiated. The method developed consisted of two diagnostic procedures; the first based upon the discriminative function using 12 items of symptoms, signs or other features, while the second upon the maximum likelihood method utilizing the patterns of appearance of each of 38 items. When applied to the nationwide series of MS cases, the first diagnostic procedure diagnosed 96.6% of the probable cases, and 97.3% of Devic's disease cases, as MS. A successive application of the second procedure yielded the corresponding figures 80.4, 70.1%.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1982.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY