摘要:

Summary1. An instrumental aid was introduced for fixation of the artery during the percutaneous puncture.2. A safe technique of puncture and the threading of the needle was discussed in the light of the literature on the complications.3. For exclusive visualization of the cerebral vessels the common carotid is punctured at a point 1 to 3 cm proximal to the bifurcation, and the needle is guided into the lumen of the internal carotid.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCytochrome c administration was examined for its possible hemorrhage‐inhibitory effect in our experimental cerebral hemorrhage. The experimental condition was produced by ligation of cerebrl arteries for one to five hours. Theobservation of disease process and autopsy were conducted to compare both groups of dogs, treated and, non‐treated with cytochrome c. The ligation for a given period caused hemorrhage in the non‐treated control animals, but hemorrhage was evidently inhibited in the cytochrome c treated animals. The application of cytochrome c accelerated the natural recovery process, and this was confirmed by autopsy finding that hemorrhagic tendency was clearly inhibited. From the above experimental findings, cytochrome c was evaluated to be clinically applicable. Thirty‐one cases of various circulatory disturbances of the cerebrum were selected as the objects of cytochrome c administration. Remarkable therpeutic effect, favourable effect, and no effect were observed in 11, 12 and 8 cases respectively. The interval between the onset of disease and the initiation of cytochrome c administration is an important factor to govern the result of therapy. The shorter the interval, the better effect was usually obtained. With cytochrome c administration started within one week after the onset of disease, a considerable effect was generally noticed. Even in the case of coma due to massive hemorrhage, there might be be some possibility of recovery if a large amount of cytochrome c is administered in the early stage of the

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. The electroencephalograms of 23 vascular hemiplegias were studied. The classificaiton used here was as follows: normal or alpha with scattered theta, only theta in the involved hemisphere, small, moderate and large amounts of delta in the involved hemisphere. Using this classification, we found positive correlation between the degree of EEG abnormality and the severity of muscle weakness or mental abnormality. Furthermore, the EEG focus agreed with clinically suspected location of lesion. It also appeared that the longer the time after the cerebral ictus the less abnormal the EEG tended to be.Among 6 cases placed in the category of “normal or alpha with scattered theta,” only 2 manifested lower amplitude of less than 20 per cent difference in the involved region. Spikes or sharp waves were noted in 7 cases.2. Serial EEG follow‐up was obtained in 7 patients. In general, EEG improvement coincided with clinical recovery. In 2 cases, however, clinical changes lagged behind the EEG improvement.3. Among 10 subarachnoid hemorrhages, 4 were diffusely abnormal, 3 had foci coresrponding to the clinical location of lesion, and 2 without such agreement. The remaining one had normal EEG. Abnormalities demonstrated were spikes, sharp and slow waves.4. Small numbers of cerebral arteriosclerosis were analysed. Among 12 of them, 9 had normal or borderline records and 2 showed abnormalities with spikes and or slow waves. The basic alpha rhythm of less than 10 cps was considered due to ol

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMeasurements were performed on Na, K and Ca contents with flame‐photometer, and on CI content with electro‐photometer both in serum of 464 cases (frequency of examinations was 1.077 times) of various psychotics (mainly consisted of schizophrenics) and in cerebrospinal fluid of 303 cases (frequsncy of examinations 909 times). Following results were obtained.1. In schizophrenia, as a whole, Na, K, Ca and CI contents both in serum and CSF were almost within normal limits, but only K in CSF was increased, so the Na/K decreased as compared with those in the normal group. Comparison between the diseased and improved periods showed that Na and K in serum had tendencies to decrease, while Na and CI in CSF increased in the improved period, thereby the decrease of K in CSF was marked.2. Under the classification of schizophrenia into hebephrenia and catatonia, it proved that both types exhibited almost the same inclinations as mentioned above. Moreover, comparison between the fresh and chronic groups of schizophrenia as a whole revealed that, in the fresh group there were observed the decrease of Na and CI and the increase of Ca in serum, and the decrease of K and increase of Na/K in CSF in the course of improvement, while in the chronic group, there were the decrease of Na in serum, the decrease of K and Ca in CSF, and increase of Na/K in CSF in the course of convalescence. On the contrary, in the unchanging group, variations of electrolytes were hardly observable both in serum and CSF.3. In the comparison between the fresh and chronic groups in each type of schizophrenia, both groups displayed almost identical trends, thereby most marked was the increase of K in CSF in the diseased period. Moreover, in CSF, Na contents were decreased in the fresh groups of both types of schizophrenia, CI increased in fresh hebephrenia, and Ca decreased in chronic catatonia. As the result of comparison between the fresh and chronic cases, it proved that, in hebephrenia, Na and Na/K in CSF increased more but K and Ca in CSF decreased more in the chronic cases than in the fresh ones; while, in catatonia, K in serum increased more in the chronic cases.4. Schizophrenia was, furthermore, divided tentatively into 6 groups according to the symptoms, and comparisons of these groups proved that Na both in serum and in CSF tended to decrease but CI slightly increased under the hypo‐and akinesis, while K in CSF increased in case of marked emotional changes.5. In the chronic schizophrenics hospitalized for a long time, both Na and K in serum and CSF were within normal sphere, and there were observed almost the same inclinations as mentioned above, in the results of the frequent examinations made in the course of time, some on the same cases of this group.6. In the other various psychotics, each value was almost within normal range, although the cases were few in number. Mania displayed almost identical tendency in electrolytes variations, but depression displayed somewhat different inclinations where Na in CSF was decreased. As for general paresis and senile psychosis as organic mental diseases, there were observed the increase of K in CSF in both diseases, the decrease of Ca and Na/K in the latter, and with convalescence, the decrease of Na and K in CSF in both. Epilepsy cases exhibited the increasing tendency of Na, K and CI in CSF, and of slight decrease of Ca in CSF of after‐convulsive seizures, therefrom marked was the increase of K in CSF. Alcoholic psychosis had characteristic variations of electrolytes, that is, the decrease of Na and increase of CI in CSF together with the unique tendency of variations in the course of improvement. In psychoneurosis, each value, both in serum and in CSF, was within normal limits without marked variations.7. Concerning the percentage of CSF/serum of each electrolyte, Na was 100.6%, K 66.8%, Ca 48.2% and CI 115.0% in the normal group. Observing the variations of the percentages in all cases, the result showed that Na had tendency to increase or decrease, K and CI to increase, and Ca to decrease in CSF as a whole.8. The electrolytes metabolisms both in serum and CSF were considered from the viewpoints of both the blood‐brain barrier permeability and the intracerebral electrolytes metabolisms. The sighificance of electrolytes in psychosis was also

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe authors studied the effect of GABOB on 150 epileptics with various types of seizures. The study was carried out in 2 groups, the old cases and the new ones. The former were made up of patients who had been given an ordinary antiepileptic medication for periods of time, and then GABOB was added later on. The latter group patients were given only GABOB from the beginning.1) In 99 old cases with the total 116 seizures, the effect of medication prior to GABOB was increased for 22%,unchanged for 48%and reduced for 30%.And, of the 25 old cases with the total 37 seizures, given GABOB and the dose of previous medication reduced, the rate of influence was%,45%and 41%.Therefore, a synergistic effect between GABOB and the other antiepileptic drugs seemed to be little.2) GABOB represented prominent effects in 26 new cases with 28 seizures: 50^ were completely controlled and 25%showed certain improvements.3) It is most effective for seizure of convulsive type and for children.4) The optimal dose of GABOB was estimated as 1.0–1.5 g. daily for adults and as 0.5‐1.0g. for children, but the effect cannot be ascertained immediately. No marked side effects were noticed, however, the effect of GABOB showed a great individual variation.5) The authors feel that GABOB may serve as a guide for introduction of new antiepileptic dr

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While many studies have been carried out on the hypothalamus, the autonomic nervous system in the mesencphalon and pons have attracted rather small attention. We studied the fall of body temperature, increase of behavioral excitability, gastric bleeding, decrease of urinary chloride, glycosuria, increase of nitrogen in urine and histological changes of the adrenal cortex caused by electrical lesions in the mesencephalon and pons of rabbits, and published the original papers in 1951 and 1952 and a summarized one in 195413), all in Japanese. As studies on those appear still rather a few, the summarized paper will be translated into English.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:An Atlas of Detailed Normal Pneumoencephalographic Anatomy by G. Di Chiro50 Jahre Neuropathologie in Deutschland (1885–1935)edited by W. Scholz, MünchenLea Grandes Activites du Lobe Occipital Par Pr Th. AlajouanineLes Grandes Activités du Rhinencéphale Vol. 1 Anatomie du Rhinencéphale par H. Gastaut and H. LammersVol. II Physiologie et Pathologie du Rhinencéphale Par Pr Th. AlajouanineAnleitung zur gestuften Aktivhypnose von D. LangenParental Attitudes and Child Behavior edited by John C. Gl

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1961.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY