摘要:

SummaryThere has been a relatively few studies on the dreams of psychotic patients though the new technique of studying dreams during the rapid eye movement period of sleep (REMP) has been established in these 10 years. The present study was performed on 21 schizophrenics and 34 normal subjects to investigate the nature of content of dreams collected by using the technique of awakening the subject during REMP.In schizophrenic subjects, the latency of dream reporting was longer, the length of time of the spontaneous dream reporting was shorter and a larger number of examiner's supplementary questions was necessary than in normal subjects. The rate of dream recall in the next morning was lower in schizophrenics. Analysis of the sentence of the dream narratives revealed that, in schizophrenic subjects, the number of words as well as conceptual elements (clauses) in a spontaneously reported dream narrative was much smaller than that of normal subjects.As to the nature of the dream content in schizophrenic subjects, the incidences of coherent dream, complex dream, and dreams with bizarre elements were lower than those of normal subjects. The incidence of dream with color was higher in the schizophrenic subjects. There was no significant difference in the incidence of experimental elements in the dream content between schizophrenics and normal subjects. No significant difference was found in the number of characters per dream in schizophrenics and normals except for the lower incidence of a crowd of people in the former. As to the type of character in the dream, the incidence of family members was higher and that of friends lower in schizophrenics.The incidence of pleasant emotion in the dream was similar in normal and schizophrenics, whereas those of unpleasant feelings such as sadness, anger, fear and anxiety were higher in schizophrenics. As to the interpersonal emotional relationships in the dream, the tendency that the male dreamer was aggressive to male and friendly to female characters whereas the female dreamer was aggressive to male and aggressive as well as friendly to female characters, was observed in both normal and schizophrenic subjects.It was suggested that the features of dream reporting and dream content in the schizophrenic subjects seemed to reflect fairly accurately the characteristics of the inner experiences of schizophrenics.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo patients with prominent hypersomnia during daytime and frequent, periodic apnea during sleep are reported. The 1st case was without obesity or hypercapnia during waking period. She had ankylosis of the jaw joints. The 2nd case was a typical of the Pickwickian syndrome with marked obesity and hypercapnia in the awake state.Both of the patients showed frequent, periodic apnea lasting 10–48 sec only during sleep. Duration of the apneic period was longest in the paradoxical phase of sleep with rapid eye movements. Return of respiration at the end of the apnea was always just preceded by arousal response in the EEG: K‐complex with or without appearance of alpha rhythm. Thus, their nocturnal sleep was constantly fragmented due to the periodic apnea. Stable, deep sleep with high voltage slow waves was much reduced in the 1st case and it was completely absent in the 2nd case.The periodic apnea in the two patients was of obstructive type. Respiratory movement of the thorax accompanied by EMG activity in the inter‐costal muscles persisted even during the apneic period. It was confirmed in the 1st case by radiological examination performed during sleep with the use of a television that the base of her tongue dropped down back into the hypopharynx obstructing this completely during apneic period. Tracheotomy and insertion of tracheal canule resulted disappearance of the periodic apnea during sleep and of hypersomnia during daytime.It is concluded from the above findings that hypersomnia in our patients is due to, and is compensating for the sleep disturbance in the night.Physio‐pathogenesis of the Pickwickian syndrome are briefly discussed in the light of the present findings with reference to previou

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study of the 15 cases who showed persistent lateralized appearance of 14 and 6 per second positive spikes, it was found that positive spikes in 14 cases appeared on the side opposite to the hemisphere, where organic focal EEG signs were found; in the 4 cases with hemiplegia out of these, it was found that positive spikes appeared at the hemiplegic side. Thus, it has been emphasized that when a persistent lateralized appearance of positive spikes is confirmed in the successive EEGs, the absence of positive spikes in one hemisphere is as diagnostically significant as a focal sign as other EEG abnormalities are.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySignificant increases of scrum alkaline phosphatase level are demonstrated in the majority of the epileptic patients treated with diphcnylhydantoin for a long period of time. Possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon arc briefly discussed.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn view of the fact that a repetition of the same behavior was manifested in over 60‐year‐old psychotic patients, we gave an opinion on stereotypy.We have recognized in those patients no verbigeration but only a stercotypically repeated behavior. These stereotypic movements were found in 20 cases, 17 of which showed a stereotypic masticating movement. This stereotypic mastication could, it. seems, belong to iteration.From the fact that the iteration appears in a serious demenia or a deteriorated state, wc dealt with stereotypy in association with a mentally deserted state.We believe that the stereotypy or iteration of aged psychotic patients can be understood neither psychopathologically as a problem of intentionality nor neurologically as that of localization of a lesion in the br

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1970.tb01478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY