ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1958.tb00622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThree familial cases of juvenile type of paralysis agitans have been reported with the following resultsH A parkinsonian syndrom not due to a latcrit encephalitis can develop before 20 years of age.2) Its clinical and anatomical findings are very similar to that of classical paralysis agitans.3) By a detailed genetic study it is demonstrated that the disease is inherited in a recessive mode.The author's heartfelt thanks are due toProf. Mitsuda, Prof.Yoshida, and Dr.Kawaifor their kind advice in genetics and pathological anatomy in completing this report.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1958.tb00623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPHOMAC was given to 176 psychoses and neuroses cases and clinical as well as biological investigation was set. The reactions to PHOMAC were classified into three types, namely, myoclonic response, convulsive response. and mixed response. Patients of manic depressive psychosis. neurosis, psychogenic reaction (hysteria), chronic alcoholism, and normal persons were found to show myoclonic responses only and patients of atypical endozenous pzychosis, psychopathy. and schizophrenia showed either myoclonic response or convulsive response, of which typical schizophrenia responded with the former only while epileptics showed all the three types. Convulsive response tendes to appear in cpileptics and those in whom epileptic factors could be suspected clinico‐symptonatologically or in some other respects.Of schizophrenics, the group belonging to catatonic type gave evidently lower myoclonic threshold values than the other types. To compare the myoclonic threshold of each setting and with the same of normal persons as criterion, the cases of catatonia, chunk alcoholism, psychopithy, atypiczal endogenous psychosis and epilepsy showed low threshold values, while those of schizophrenia (excluding catatonia), manic depressive psychosis and neurosis returned high threshold values and psychogenic reaction cases (hysteria:) proved no significant disparity. in their values from normal persons.With the improvement of the clinical manifestations, the myoclonic threshold values of schizophrenics went lowered, whereas those of epileptics and endogenous psychosis upward. No such fluctuation was delectable with manic depressive psychotics, neurotics and the patients of psychogenic reaction (hysteria). As to the myoclonic threshold values of the cases of psychoses and neuroses represented by schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis, the values were lower in those under 20 yrs of age than in those above it. The same availed in those with higher basal metabolism than in those with normal or lowered basal metabolic rate, again, in those showing abnormal E. E. G. under resting state with closed eyes than in those showing normal E. E. G., further, in slender persons than in fat and stout persons and, in those in states of lower vagotonic activation than those in higher vagotonic activation, respectively. Any sex difference was hardly observable concerning variance in threshold valu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1958.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryComparison of the symptomatology of chronic fluorine poisoning with that of latent tetany reveals that they‐ are identical. Mental disturbances are encountered in both of them.In electroconsulsive therapy. there is a close similarity‐ between the convulsive posture in the hands (“accoucheur's position” 1 and the convulsions occurring in other parts of the bod), on the one hand. and the convulsions observed in acute (manifest ‘tetany and in acute fluorine intoxication, on the other. It is suggested that the mechanism of the electroconvulsive shock consists in the electric current breaking down the fluorides accumulated within the brain substance over a number of years in quantities sufficient to produce mental illnessThe action of fluorine consists in its depriving the body of calcium, and being an enzymatic poison it exerts a suppressive effect on cholinesterase contained in the nervous tissue.Samples of Anectine and Sucostrin which are used as relaxant preliminary to the electroshock therapy as well as in anaesthesia have been found to contain fluorine. Having no beneficial effect in either process, its presence in these products is to be condemned.ZusammensetzungEin Vergleich der Symptomatologie der chronischen Fluorvergifturig mit jener der latenten Tetanie ergibt. dass sie identisch sind. Geistesstörungen kommen in beiden vor.Es besteht eine frappante Ähnlichkeit zwischen der im Verlauf der Elek‐troschocktherapie hervorgerufenen Krampfstellung in den Händen (“Geburts‐helferstellung”) und den Krämpfen in anderen Körperteilen einerseits und den bei akuter (manifester) Tetanie und akuter Fluorvergiftung beobachteten Krämpfen andererseits, Es wird angenommen, dass der Mechanismus der Elektrosehocktherapie darauf beruht, dass der elektrische Strom die Fluorver‐bindungen spaltet, welche in der Hirnsubstanz seit einer Reihe von Jahren in Mengen akkumuliert waren, die genügten, eine Geisteskrankheit hervorzu‐rufen.Die Wirkung des Fluors besteht in der Unterdrückung des Kalziumgehaltes des Körpers. Als enzymatisches Gift übt es einen depressiven Einfluss auf die im Nervengewebe enthaltene Cholinesterase aus.Chemische he Analyse ergab, das Anectin und Sucostrin, die in der Einleitung der Elektroschocktherapie sowie in der Narkose zur Erschlaffung der Musku‐latur verwendet werden. Beimengungen von Fluor enthielten. Da das Fluor weder im einen noch im anderen Verfahren einen günstigen Einfluss ausübt, wird sein Zusatz zu den genannten Präparaten verurteilt.RésuméLa comparaison de la spmptomatologie de l'empoisonnement chronique par le fluor avec clle de la tétanie latente revèle qu' elles sont identiques. Des troubles mentaux se rencontrent dans les deux cas.En l‘électrochoc, il y a une étroite similitude entre l'attitude convulsive des mains (“main d'accoucheur”) et les convulsions survenant dans les autres parties du corps, d'une part, et les convulsions observées dans la tétanie aiguë (manifeste) et dans l'intoxication aiguë par le fluor, d'autre part. II est suggéré que le mécanisme de l’électrochoc consiste dans la dissociation par le courant électrique des fluorures accumulés dans la substance cérébrale pendant plusieurs années en quantité suffisante pour produire des troubles mentaux.L'action du fluor consiste à priver le corps de calcium. Étant un poison enzymatique, il exerce un effet inhibiteur sur la cholinestérase contenue dans le tissu nerveux.Des échantillons d'Anectine et de Sucostrine, qui sont utilisés comme “relachants” avant un traitement par l‘électrochoc, aussi bien qu'en anés‐thésie, et été trouvées contenant du fluor. N'ayant pas d'effet bénéfique dans l'un ou l'autre de ces procédés. sa présence dans ces produits est à condamner.ResumenLa comparación de la sintomatología del envenenamiento crónico con flúor con la de la tetania latente revela que son idénticas. En ambas se encuentran disturbios mentalee.También hay una semejanza muy cercana entre la posición convulsiva de las manos (“posición de plegaria”) y las convulsiones en otras partes del cuerpo producidas por el electro‐choque terapéutico, y las convulsiones observa‐das en la tetania aguda (rnanifiesta) y en el envenenarniento agudo con flúor. Se sugiere que el mecanismo del choque electroconvulsionante consiste en la disociación por la corriente elétrica de los fluoruros acumulados en la sustancia cerebral durante muchos años en cantidades suficiantes para produ‐cir enfermedades mentales.La acción del flúor consiste en que priva de calcio al organismo. Siendo un veneno enzimàtico. el flúor ejerce un efecto supresivo sobre la colineste‐rasa que contiene el tejido nervioso.Se ha comprobado que muestras de Anectine y Sucostrine. que se emplean tanto como relajadores antes dr iniciar la terapia electro‐convulsionante como en anestesia, contienen f

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1958.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAdult cats, 49 in number and free from morbid movements and in the sound conscious state, were implanted with concentric electrodes into their temporal cortex and subcortical structures. And evoked responses were observed by means of square waves applied, each variable in frequency and voltage.Motor ResponseIn stimulation cases of both the temporal cortex and nucleus amygdalae, ipsilateral eye‐lid closing. cheek movement (spasm and twitching, draw‐back of the lip to the ipisilateral side, tremor of whisker etc.) and turnning of the head to the contralateral side were most frequently observed. Nucleus amygdalae was the lowest in the stimulation threshold for response, then lobus piriformis and G. supra‐sylvius post. were low while G. ectosylvius post. and G. sylvius post. showed middle high thresholds.Autonomic PhenomenonMasticatory movement, salivation, licking about, sniffing. swallowing act etc. were observed as alimentary activity. The nucleus amygdalae was also more responsive than the cortex in this respect, which resembles to some degree to the stimulation threshold of the motor response. Salivation and pupillary dilatation were marked especially in the stimulation of the basal nucleus of nucleus amygdalae, and were obtained nearly constantly under rather low voltage (4V) but had not such a marked increase in the response rate as in the motor response parallel‐going with the increase of votlage. This is considered to be due to the circumstance that these two symptoms were satisfied with their evokation already under comparatively low voltage. The optimum frequency in both the motor response and the autonomic phenomena lay about at 10–50 cps. and at about 7 msec.Behavioral PhenomenaNucleus amygdalae showed the lowest threshold for response and gave rise to such a series of behavioral disorder as anger, offensive movement, fear, searching about and attempt to go rearward etc. under low voltage of stimulation. To bring forth the similar responses from lobus piriformis, it was found somewhat higher voltage of stimulation as necessary. Upon stimulation of G. suprasylvius post., there were observed anxiety, fear, searching about, escaping etc. In the stimulation cases of G. ectosylvius post. and G. sylvius post., cases with epileptic attack with an increase in stimulation voltage and without any behavioral change were more frequently met with than in the other regions. The frequency of stimulation in the behavioral phenomena was found in major cases influenced by the voltage, varying region to region, but without any constant tendency in it. At the end of this thesis, the author would express deep gratitude to Prof.Kamimurawho gave him cordial guidance and revision and, at the same time, to Prof.Sawaof the Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata who gave him valuable advices all through the period of experimentation and completion of t

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1958.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Hysterie, Reflex und Instinkt By Prof. Dr.E, KretschmerDie Störungen der Schriftspraehe (Agraphie und Alexie) By Prof. Dr.A.:LeischnerDie Hirngeschwülste in biologischer und morphologischer Darstellung ByK.T. Zü

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1958.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY