摘要:

Abstract The reliability of the Japanese version of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD) which is a self‐report to diagnose major depressive disorders (MDD) of DSM‐III‐R, was investigated in 30 cases with MDD and 30 control subjects. On test‐retest reliability, the agreement of diagnostic performance was substantial (K= 0.64,P<0.001) for 60 subjects, and scores of total and individual items correlated significantly (P<0.001) between test and retest except for decreased energy, decreased interest, and decreased concentration. The average score of the total IDD severity at test (38.4) was significantly higher than that at retest (28.0;P<0.01). However, excluding the recovered 10 cases, there was no significant difference seen on the average total score between test and retest (38.8, 30.1, respectively). Internal consistency (Cronbach'sa= 0.80) and split‐half reliability (0.79) were sufficient, and item‐total correlations of the IDD were significant (P<0.01) except for weight gain. The IDD might be useful as a screening tool and for clinical evaluation of subjects in Japan; however, it is necessary to examine the validity of this

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Okinawa prefecture has a unique socio‐cultural status in Japan including the experience of having been occupied by the USA from the end of World War II to 1972. In this study, the longitudinal change in youth suicide mortality for those aged 10–29 years in Okinawa (1960–90) was compared with that for the same sex‐age groups in mainland Japan (1950–90). In contrast with mainland Japan, no dramatic change in the youth suicide mortality was observed in Okinawa in the 1960s. The rise and fall of teenage suicide mortality in Okinawa during the 1970–80s might be associated with ‘reversion anxiety’, rather than with the traumatic experience of World War II itself. This seems to be inconsistent with previous speculation regarding the change in youth suicide mortality in mainland Japan. The suicide mortality for men aged 20–29 in Okinawa was significantly higher than that for the same sex‐age group in mainland Japan through the observed period. The possible effects of the USA occupation, economic anomie or migration on the suicide in Okinawa should

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract We reviewed the records of 292 inpatients in the psychiatric ward of Kagoshima University Hospital who were referred from other medical facilities over a 5‐year period in order to clarify age differences in the reason for referral. Patients were classified into groups of physically and mentally ill individuals based on indications for admission. Both groups were further divided into four subgroups based on age. The incidence of inpatients with physical illnesses increased with age. Conditions related to pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium occurred at high frequency in female patients in the 20‐ to 39‐year‐old subgroup. Individuals in the 40‐ to 59‐year‐old and in the>60 years subgroups suffered more frequently from neoplasms. The proportion of patients manifesting a defective state in all age subgroups with the exception of the under 19‐year‐old subgroup was significantly higher in the physical illness group than in the mental illness group. The proportion of patients in a depressive state in the>60 years subgroup was significantly higher in the mental illness group than in the physical illness group. Hence, it is necessary to find a method to be able to cope with psychiatric patients with physical complications to s

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract The living conditions and psychosomatic states of 2828 elderly people receiving care from home helpers were investigated. The physical condition of men was significantly lower than that of women. With regard to daily life (i.e. eating, sitting, standing, excretion, dressing, bathing, walking, tidiness) 70% were rated as being self‐supporting. Eighty per cent of subjects were judged as having normal intelligence. Twenty‐two per cent of subjects had more than one psychiatric symptom (e.g. memory impairment, insomnia, talking to oneself, and delusions). Among the various medico‐welfare supports, home help was recommended most

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract In studying the periodicity of mania onsets, cycle‐oriented diagrams were made of the clinical course from 257 manic episodes analyzed retrospectively in 34 bipolar I manic‐depressive patients for a period of about 5 years. Using these diagrams, the frequent period of mania onsets located in one‐quarter of the follow‐up period was pre‐estimated, and the accordance ratio during a 25 month follow‐up period was analyzed. The accordance ratio in all subjects was 39% (11/28) for the first episode and 35% (7/20) for the second episode. These ratios were not significantly different from the expected level (25%). The number of subjects was limited to 11 patients (10 rapid and 1 non‐rapid cyclers) whose number of episodes used for the determination of the index cycle was eight or more. The accordance ratio was 64% (7/11) and 60% (6/10) for the first and second episodes, respectively. Their levels were significantly higher than those expected. Periodicity of mania onsets existed at least in rapid cyclers with abund

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract One patient with acute and transient functional psychosis was assessed repeatedly using a brief neuropsychological assessment during his recovery from the psychotic episode. The psychotic features of the patient were characterized by perplexed behavior, attentional disturbance and emotional turmoil. Characteristic findings, including impairment of attention tests, dysgraphia and constructional disturbances, were seen. Findings improved in accordance with recovery on a behavioral level. We discussed the similarity of neuropsychological and behavioral abnormalities of this patient and those of patients in an acute confusional state.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Sensitivity training (ST), which originated in the USA during the late 1940s, has been used as part of training seminars in Japanese corporations since the late 1950s. The possibility of negative psychiatric effects of ST, and especially its role in inducing psychiatric symptoms, is yet to be clarified. A case of a 41‐year‐old male company worker whose brief psychosis was induced by a sensitivity training seminar held by the company he worked for is presented. In reviewing the psychopathology of the case with records from the ST seminar, we found similarities between the patient's ST seminar and brainwashing situations. Specifically, the patient experienced severe conflict (of thought process) between his Christian beliefs and being labeled a coward at the seminar. We conclude that monitoring of the ST programs is crucial in order to ensure the psychological safety of ST participants in Ja

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Two female patients expressed in psychotherapy their wish to be held. This reflects their pathology, intense loneliness and defective sense of self and reality. The ‘holding’ function of the psychotherapist can place the wish to be held into the mutual interaction even if it seems unacceptable, similar to the holding in mother‐child communication. The deliberate efforts by the psychotherapist to ‘hold’ lead to an improvement of the pathology, and contribute to form an endurable therapeutic relationship. Unavoidable body contact with patients who are in regressive states is discussed, and the need to re‐establish the communicative value of contact experiences is

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Odor perception has been studied in patients with various mental disorders; however, no consensus has been reached as to its detection, identification, or pleasantness/unpleasantness of odors especially in patients with depression. One hundred and nineteen normal elderly individuals living at home were exposed to odors of rose, perfume, white ginger, Indian ink, cigarette smoke, milk, feces and orange scent using the scratch and sniff method. They were asked to rate the strength of each odor, its pleasantness or unpleasantness, their liking for it, and their familiarity with it. They were also asked to complete a self‐rating depression scale (SDS). The relationship of the score of each psychological olfactory scale with the SDS score and the difference in the score of each psychological scale between high‐SDS and low‐SDS groups are disc

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract The present study examined the differences of self‐ratings of 4h sleep in three states: L‐WE, where the percentage of waking time and urinary epinephrine are low (<20% waking time); H‐W, where the percentage of waking time and epinephrine levels increase along the basal regression line as determined by a previous study (20–100% waking time and7 ng/min). Eight healthy male subjects participated twice in a 4 h polysomnograph experiment with four types of sleep onset (total of 64 observations). In group L‐WE (52 observations for eight subjects), there were no excessively negative feelings on sleep latency, sleep depth, and feelings of sleep compared with usual sleep according to the questionnaire. Subjective sleep diagrams in group L‐WE were similar to polysomnographic findings. Thus, group L‐WE was thought objectively and subjectively to have a good sleep state. Groups H‐W (eight observations for four subjects) and H‐E (four observations for two subjects) had negative feelings regarding sleep depth and feelings of sleep compared with usual sleep. Approximately half the group H‐W underrated their sleep compared with objective diagrams, while all cases in group H‐E remarkably underrated their sleep in the subjective diagrams. The state of remarkable adrenal medullary secretory activity seen in group H‐E and that of the slightly increased activity shown in group H‐W were included in poor sleep states o

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY