摘要:

Abstract:In a recent study of psychiatric disturbance and decision making behaviour12, it was observed that a significant number of psychiatric inpatients experienced difficulties in addressing themselves to the experimental tasks at hand. Despite the large number of studies that have used psychiatric inpatients as subjects, little, if any mention has been made of these difficulties. The following report describes the difficulties that have been observed in the above research project, and examines their possible implications for clinical assessment, research, and for clinical investigations and evaluation of treatment regimes (e.g. effectiveness of particular drug therapies), which use psychiatric inpatient populations as subject sources.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Transcultural research into psychopatbology has often failed to produce a systematic body of findings concerning the relationship between culture and psychopathology. In this paper an attempt is made to overcome this problem by examining the relationship between culture and depression in terms of a theoretical task. Japanese and Australian depressed patients were given measures of depression and decision making. The relationship between specific variables associated with depression and those associated with decision making was investigated. Results showed that those depression variables which influenced decision making for Japanese patients were different to those for Australian patients. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for psychiatric diagnosis and understanding the relationship between culture and depression.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In order to clarify the prevalence and clinical features of so‐called “maternity blues” and the relationship with depression after delivery, we conducted a prospective study on 220 mothers using the Zung's Self‐Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) 4–7 days after childbirth and again one month after childbirth. Their physical condition during their pregnancy had been evaluated earlier. As in a previous epidemiological study conducted in Japan, we classified subjects with a ZSDS score of 60 and over as a high scoring group. Eighteen mothers (8.18%) fell into this group (“maternity blues” group) in the one week post‐partum evaluation. Comparing the ZSDS scores one month after childbirth with the earlier scores, in 10 women (4.5%), their scores decreased from 60 and over to below 60 (a “maternity bines” core group), and in 8 women (3.6%), their scores were still over 60 (a prolonged “maternity blues” group). Eleven (5.0%) out of the 202 women whose scores at one week after childbirth were below 60 showed a high score (60 and over) one month after childbirth (a potential depression group). All in, 191 women scored below 60 in both evaluations. Although we could divide the subjects into 4 groups as described above, we could not find any clinical symptoms to distinguish between the 3 groups with “maternity blues” or depression in the evaluation one week after childbirth. However, one finding suggests that these three groups

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Concordancetes between clinical and DIS‐generated diagnoses were compared using data sets from Fukuoka University in Japan and Neuropsychiatry Hospital at the UCLA. An overall concordance rate of 35% between standard clinical diagnosis and DIS‐Lifetime diagnosis was discovered in both samples. Next, concordance rates were analyzed by diagnostic category, and differential concordance rates among major diagnostic categories were found in both samples. The highest concordance rates were found in anxiety disorders and major depression. The lowest concordance rates were found in dysthymic disorder and schizophrenia. The Fukuoka sample contained more patients with anxiety disorders and major depression, while the UCLA sample has more patients diagnosed as dysthymic disorder and adjustment disorder. Future directions in cross‐cultural psychiatric research are also sugg

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We conducted a comparative study of symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients on offshore islands and one urban region in Japan. In the evaluation of symptoms and social behavior by family members, no differences were observed between the two regions. Looking at social adjustment in the two regions, no differences were observed by family members either in the performance level or in the expectation level of socially expected activities. However, on the offshore islands, the expectation level of socially expected activities by family members was significantly higher than the level of self‐accomplishment set by schizophrenic patients themselves. As for leisure activities, both family members and patients on the islands evaluated the level of performance to be significantly higher than in the urban region, and the level of satisfaction of the patients themselves was also higher on the islands. Considering both these findings and Japanese traditional views of work and leisure, it is believed that on the islands patients are required to engage in more productive activities and less leisure activities than in the urban region. Further it seems that patients on the islands compared to patients in the urban region may have greater difficulty in social adjustmen

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Sex concordance rates were investigated in 278 schizophrenic probands, who had at least one first‐degree relative with schizophrenia, in order to find out whether the illness affects the same sex more often than the opposite sex when two close relatives become ill. No such unusual concordance rates were found in proband‐relative pairs with schizophrenia. When 118 of the 278 probands were examined who had at least one parent with schizophrenia, the morbidity risk for schizophrenia in siblings of the same sex as the schizophrenic probands was significantly higher than that found in siblings of the sex opposite that of schizophrenic proba

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:I conducted supportive psycho‐educational intervention for the families of schizophrenics, mainly to the mothers, and investigated the influence on the patients' mode of treatment and their symptoms 9 months later. In accordance with Motooka20the mothers were classified into the three categories of narcissistic type, symbiotic type and dependent type. The influence of the interventions varied with the difference in types. Only the patients whose mothers belong to the dependent type showed a significant improvement 9 months after the interventions. From these results I consider that the narcissistic type cases need to be given psychotherapeutic family intervention from the early stage of treatment, while symbiotic type cases need supportive psycho‐educational intervention in the presence of both parents and dependent type cases merit supportive psycho‐educational interventions to the mo

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Every summer since 1972, the Department of Psychiatry at Fukuoka University has been holding the Camp Marathon Group Psychotherapy (MGP) for adolescents with emotional disturbances. This time we conducted a follow‐up survey on 114 camp attendees from 1978 to 1985. Questionnaires were mailed out and we received 56 replies, that is a response rate of 49.1%. The average observation period of the follow‐up was 4 years. The results were as follows: Thirty‐six cases or 64.3% were making satisfactory progress at the time of the survey. Eight or 14.3% showed no change or showed worsening conditions. Seven or 12.5% cases developed into schizophrenia. Based on these results, we studied roughly what role MGP plays in the therapy of adolescents with emotional disturb

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We designated EEGs with marked and irregular beta waves in basic patterns as “irregular beta patterns” on the basis that these patterns are related with particular symptoms such as dysphoria, irritability and autonomic symptoms and they implicate choice of therapeutic agents. Because of good response to antiepileptic agents in patients with “irregular beta patterns” along with EEG characteristics, we hypothesized that the prevalence of “irregular beta patterns” is higher in epileptics than in other psychiatric patients. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis, investigating actual frequencies of these patterns among different diagnostic categories for all patients whose EEG were recorded in all the first‐visit patients to the Outpatient Clinic, Deparmtent of Neuropsychiatry of the Tokyo University Hospital during one year period of 1986. Before starting this investigation, we checked the interrater reliability for these patterns. Therefore, two studies are reported here. In Study 1, five raters judged 98 EEG recordings blindly (43 epileptics and 55 healthy subjects). As a result, the generalized Kappa of 0.473 was obtained, indicating our agreement level was moderate or fair. This result lends support to our contention that irregular beta patterns are reliably judged. In Study 2, we judged the EEG recordings (137 schizophrenics, 62 affective disorders, 43 epileptics and 55 healthy controls) and calculated the prevalence rate of “irregular beta patterns” among the diagnostic categories. The results show that the prevalence rates of “irregular beta patterns” among psychiatric disorders and normal controls were 13% (18/137) in schizophrenics, 11% (7/62) in affective disorders, 14% (6/43) in epileptics and 4% (2/55) in healthy controls. These rates did not differ significantly among the three disorders. Thus, our hypothesis was not supported. The clinical significance of these

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Twenty‐one healthy subjects with Shuchaku‐Seikaku (SS), a premorbid personality of depression, and 44 control subjects were tested for event‐related potentials using the auditory odd ball paradigm. A higher percent of the N200 component was evoked by frequent task‐irrelevant stimuli in the Shuchaku‐Seikaku (81.0%) subjects than in the controls (45.5%). The mean amplitudes in the 50–100 ms latency range for task‐relevant rare stimuli were smaller; whereas, the amplitudes in the 100–200 ms range for task‐irrelevant frequent stimuli and the amplitudes in the 200–260 ms range for both stimuli were larger (shifted to negative direction) in the SS subjects than in the controls. The evidence suggests that the fully automatic detection process, which is assumed to be correlated with mismatch negativity, is hypoactivated and that a contrarily controlled or conscious mismatch process, which may be N2b, is h

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb01185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY