摘要:

AbstractNeurotic symptoms were considered to be present in 21.9% of the 210 employees of a company following data analysis from a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 60 question items). The results in middle‐aged and aged executives were compared. The total GHQ score was ≪ 17 in 18/55 executives aged 40 years or above, but in only 9/60 non‐executives controls was a significant difference observed (P>0.05) between executives and non‐executives. The scores for three subordinate scales, namely somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social dysfunction, were higher in the executives than in the non‐executives and showed a significant difference (P>0.05) in the anxiety and insomnia scale. These results suggest that middle‐aged and aged executives are more likely to have neurotic symptoms and more frequently to have anxiety and insomnia than their controls. We would like to apply this method to aid in the prevention, early detection and early managemen

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship of DSM‐III‐R personality disorder (PD) to demographic and clinical variables was investigated based on 96 consecutive outpatients with major depression. No significant difference in the variables was found between those with and those without PD. Those with PD from each cluster were compared with those without PD in terms of the variables. In these comparisons many relationships of PD to the variables were found, and these relationships were different between the three PD clusters detailed in DSM‐III‐R. Patients with cluster B PD demonstrated a prominent uniqueness in his/her relationship to the variables. This uniqueness was similar to what had been reported previously with regard to patients with PD. There was no significant difference in the variables between those with cluster C PD and those without PD. Those with cluster A PD may have a negative family history of affective di

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe conducted a comparative study of the outcomes at 7 years and at 17 years after initial diagnosis of 77 cases of adolescent developmental psychopathology. The results suggest that the prognosis of adolescent developmental psychopathology could be derived at 5–6 years after commencement of medical treatment. The parent‐child relationships during infancy to adolescence, considered to affect the long‐term prognosis of adolescent developmental psychopathology, was studied. It is believed that the emotional bond between parents and children in early to middle childhood are vital which seems to affect their relationships during pre‐adolescence to early adolescence and to the development of adolescent turmoil. It can be considered vital that the development of the infantile provocative state during preadolescence to early adolescence should progress to a more mature ability to negotiate and which forms the core of adolescent turmoil. The function of the latter will bring better results to adolescent developmental psychopath

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes two representative cases of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (APPD) defined in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10 in adults with mild intellectual deficits. The patients showed mild intellectual impairment but had worked diligently for many years without their impairment being noticed by others. Some displayed maladjustments in their childhood and were classified as having intellectual disabilities. With their low self‐esteem, precipitating events forced the patients to act inappropriately and, as a result, they became psychotic. Although APPD is supposed to occur without causative stress, an intellectual limitation combined with a certain personality can precipitate such a psychosis. It is noted that APPD might mask intellectual deficit and their precipitating factors and that a relapse could be prevented by advising a member of the patient's fam

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present study, 126 alcoholics aged 60 years or older were compared with 104 alcoholics aged 35–45 years. No dementia was found in the younger group, whereas 62.7% of the aged patients had dementia; the dementia being irreversible in 32.9% of such patients. Cases of so‐called alcohol dementia excluding organic brain diseases accounted for 42.1%. The percentage of aged alcoholics having dementia increased with age, being far beyond the frequency of senile dementia in the general aged. Among various physical complications, hepatic injury and myocardiopathy were more frequent in the aged alcoholics than in general aged people, suggesting that hypertension, myocardiopathy and hepatic injury underlie the manifestation of dementia. There was no case of dementia attributable to the direct effect of alcohol distinctly exceeding the effects of various physical factors. Problem behaviors characteristic of the aged group included ‘being soaked in drink’ and being inebriated, showing no correlation with the presence or absence of dementia. There was no significant difference in frequency of delirium between the aged group and the younger group. However, in aged alcoholics delirium tended to continue for a longer period during abstinence and was more likely to occur even during non‐abstinence. A similar trend was found in aged alcoholics with dementia compared with those without

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to determine if cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is more prevalent in schizophrenic patients, we studied 72 Japanese patients who fulfilled the DSM‐III‐R criteria for schizophrenia and 41 normal controls. Sagittal, 1 mm thick magnetic resonance imaging slices of the entire cranium were obtained using a gradient‐echo pulse sequence, and coronal and axial images were reconstructed for assessment. A CSP was observed in 34 patients (47.2%) and in 16 controls (38.0%). Although the CSP appeared to be more prevalent in schizophrenic patients, this difference was not statistically significant. However, schizophrenic patients with a history of long‐term institutionalization had a higher incidence of CSP compared with patients who had not been admitted to hospital for more than 3 years (68.2vs38.0%). These results suggest that the CSP may be a pathophysiology that characterizes schizophrenic patients with poor pr

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report two cases of stupor in which the patients were safely treated by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) despite high risk conditions. Case 1 was a 72 year old schizophrenic woman who had developed catatonic stupor and had joint contractures as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis. Case 2 was a 52 year old woman who developed a stuporous state which was complicated by severe dehydration with hypernatremia. In both cases, psychotic symptoms were improved by ECT without event. Careful application of ECT seemed to be effective and safe even for stupor in high risk patients.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of 19 year old male with hydrocephalus is reported whose aggressive self‐injurious behaviors were resistant to conventional pharmacotherapy but successfully treated by trazodone. In addition to the self‐injurious behaviors, this patient displayed withdrawal and eating refusal, which initially resulted in his admission to a psychiatric ward. Various conventional treatments with pharmacotherapy (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and anticonvulsants) in combination with psychotherapy and family therapy proved not to be effective for 15 months. Neither was electroconvulsive therapy successful. Administration of trazodone for 5 months after tapering of the above agents improved his aggressive behaviors. A survey of previous cases with organic brain syndromes who had aggressive behaviors and responded well to trazodone revealed that most of the cases were aged individuals and that cases in adolescence are r

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGranulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are neuropathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The molecular mechanism of GVD formation remains unknown. Recent immunohistochemical investigations suggested a potential link of NFT to GVD formation. Enzyme histochemical studies and electronmicroscopic findings suggested that GVD is formed through lysosomal autophagy of intraneuronal substances. We recently demonstrated that in non‐demented cases NFT was phosphorylated at serines 199, 202 and 422 in paired helical filament (PHF)‐tau more than in serine 396, while NFT in AD cases was similarly phosphorylated at these four sites in tau. In this study, we demonstrated immunohistochemically a similar phosphorylation state of tau in GVD granules to that in NFT in both non‐demented cases and AD patients by using a mouse monoclonal anti‐tau antibody and three phosphorylation site‐specific antibodies for PHF‐tau, indicating that GVD granules and NFT are composed of similar phosphorylated‐tau. However, we could not detect PHF structures within any GVD using electronmicros‐copy, indicating that PHF itself is not phagocytized by lysosomes during GVD formation. Therefore, the source of GVD granules might be phosphoryla

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (HT)1Apartial agonist ipsapirone is an effective anxiolytic/antidepressant agent, although its mechanism of action is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic ipsapirone treatment (5 or 10 mg/kg; twice daily, 3 weeks) on 5‐HT1Areceptor density 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propyl amino) tetralin (80H‐DPAT) binding and the level of its mRNA (in situhybridization) in various regions of the rat (male Wistar 250 g) brain. Receptor density was reduced in the frontal cortex, but did not change significantly in the hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus. The level of receptor mRNA was unchanged in each of these brain regions. The present results suggest that the clinical anxiolytic effects of ipsapirone may be mediated partly by postsynaptic action on serotonergic transmission in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus or dors

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY