ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYLeukotriene synthesis is influenced by several drugs currently in use for the treatment of alimentary disease, including the corticosteroids, sulphasalazine and mesalazine. However, the use of selective lipoxygenase inhibitors in human gastrointestinal disease has not been investigated. The complexity of eicosanoid metabolism, and the incomplete knowledge of roles played by each metabolite in each tissue and disease condition, make rational pharmacological manipulation of arachidonate metabolism difficult. However, lipoxygenase inhibitors show promise in animal models of inflammation, including hepatitis, and studiesin vitrosuggest that therapeutic benefits may be achieved using inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis in other inflammatory disorders.

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYGastrointestinal transit of an enteric coated delayed release 5‐aminosalicylic acid tablet radiolabelled withIIIindium has been monitored in a total of 13 patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. More than 70% of the tablets disintegrated in the small intestine, on average 3.2 hours after emptying from the stomach. Dispersed preparation was detected in the proximal colon of all the patients, except one with an ileostomy. Mean peak plasma concentrations of 5‐aminosalicylic acid and its metabolite acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid occurred 3–4 hours after gastric emptying. The tablets provide a reliable means of drug delivery to the ileum and proxi

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYEffects of orally‐administered pirenzepine and propantheline bromide on food‐stimulated gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin concentration, salivary flow and heart rate were compared in 10 duodenal ulcer patients in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Pirenzepine inhibited acid secretion by 25, 36 and 44% at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg, respectively, while propantheline inhibited acid secretion by 32 and 41% at doses of 15 and 45 mg, respectively. None of the doses of pirenzepine affected food‐stimulated serum gastrin concentrations, whereas 45 mg propantheline increased serum gastrin concentration significantly above placebo control. Enhancement of gastrin release by propantheline was not due to its antisecretory effect since intragastric pH after the meal was held constant at 5.0 by intragastric titrationin vivo.Pirenzepine had no significant effect on heart rate and little or no inhibitory effect on salivary volume, depending on the dose administered. By contrast, both doses of propantheline increased heart rate and reduced salivary volume significantly (P<0.05). Thus, pirenzepine and propantheline in the doses administered inhibited acid secretion to approximately the same extent but pirenzepine had fewer effects on oth

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA prospective double‐blind cross‐over trial of oral cisapride 10 mg and placebo was performed to determine the effects of cisapride on the transit of colonic contents in normal humans. Six male volunteers were studied twice using Colonic transit scintigraphy. After passing a tube to the caecum, 50 μCi of111Indium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid were instilled into the bowel lumen. The movement of radiolabelled material was followed using a gamma camera interfaced to a digital computer. Cisapride decreased the half‐emptying of the caecum and ascending colon from 1.68 ± 0±4 hours to 0.72 ± 0.15 hours (P<0.05). The total colon half‐emptying time was reduced from 38.5 ± 7.2 hours to 11.1 ± 2.9 hours on cisapride (P<0.05). Cisapride accelerated transit through the transverse colon, but not the descending colon. The progression of the geometric centre was faster during cisapride administration than with placebo (P<0.05). The number of bowel movements 48‐hours−1increased after cisapride from 2.5 ± 0.8 to 5.0 ± 0.4 (P<0.05). This study demonstrates that cisapride has a marked prokinetic effect on Colonic transit in normal subjects. Cisapride may be a useful agent in the treatm

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe gastric antisecretory effects of three different doses of enisoprost, a new synthetic PGE1analogue, were compared with placebo and misoprostol in 20 healthy male volunteers. Enisoprost 100, 200 and 400 μg all significantly (P<0.0001; ANOVA) suppressed histamine‐stimulated acid and pepsin output when compared with placebo or misoprostol 200 μg. Misoprostol produced a significant decrease of stimulated acid output when compared with placebo (P= 0.0012). The concentration of pepsin in gastric juice was significantly (P<0.0001) decreased by enisoprost at the commencement of histamine stimulation. This effect was short‐lived, and was maximal with enisoprost 400 μg. There was a significant dose‐response relationship for enisoprost for inhibition of stimulated acid output (P= 0.0065). Enisoprost was well tolerated, and no consistent drug‐related adverse effects were detected. The profile of antisecretory effect of enisoprost, producing marked suppersion of both acid and pepsin secretion independently, is unusual. This combination of activity along with any mucosal protective properties might be particular effective in the treatment of peptic ulc

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYHuman lymphoblastoid interferon, in an initial dose of 2.5 MU m−2weekly i.m., was given with mitozantrone 12 mg m−2i.v. every 3 weeks to 15 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The survival curve for these patients was worse than that of 15 patients previously treated with mitozantrone alone; there were more long‐term survivors in those not given interferon; more side‐effects were seen in the group given interferon. The addition of interferon to mitozantrone in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma is not reco

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSMS 201–995 is an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin. The effect of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 50 μg SMS 201–995 on postprandial intermediary metabolism was investigated in normal subjects. In spite of a long‐lasting post‐prandial suppression of insulin secretion, there were no significant changes in the plasma concentration of alanine, glycerol, 3‐OH‐butyrate or lactate. However, SMS 201–995 impairs carbohydrate tolerance, probably due to inhibition of insulin secretion. Basal and post‐prandial plasma concentrations of the gut regulatory peptides pancreatic glucagon, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, enteroglucagon, gastrin and peptide YY were suppressed up to 5 hours after subcutaneous administration of a single dos

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA simplified method for measuring mean whole gut transit time has been validated which avoids stool collection and is suitable for out‐patients. Radio‐opaque markers are swallowed daily for 14 days and the mean whole gut transit time is derived directly from an abdominal X‐ray. Using this new technique, neither nalmefene (in a double‐blind study of six patients) nor naloxone (in an open study of four patients) shortened mean whole gut transit time in idiopathic slow‐transit con

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY