摘要:

SUMMARYThis review article surveys the clinical and laboratory parameters used to assess and quantitate inflammation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, with particular reference to their usage in controlled trials of drugs in inflammatory bowel disease.

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis review examines the evidence for the existence in the gastrointestinal tract of a new subtype (H3) of histamine receptors, previously described in the central nervous system. Study of these receptors is facilitated by the availability of the highly selective agonist (R)α‐methylhistamine and the selective antagonist, thioperamide. H3‐receptors seem to exert negative control on gastric acid secretion evoked by indirect cholinergic stimuli: their localization is unclear but it seems to be outside the parietal cell. H3‐receptors also seem to be located on cholinergic and non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) neurones of the myenteric plexus, where they negatively control the release of neurotr

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTo test the hypothesis that administration of a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug formulated as a pro‐drug, inactive as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor until after absorption, might cause less intestinal damage than conventional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, intestinal permeation to51Cr‐EDTA and mannitol was assessed in healthy volunteers before and after oral treatment for 1 week with either the pro‐drug sulindac or the conventional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug indomethacin. Indomethacin, but not sulindac, significantly increased intestinal permeation to51Cr‐EDTA and reduced haemoglobin and haematocrit; neither affected

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAntroduodenal manometry was used to assess motility in 10 healthy volunteers and 15 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy whilst they received 20 mg cisapride orally or an apparently identical placebo. Interdigestive motility was recorded after an overnight fast and for 2 hours following a 500 kcal liquid meal. Active treatment did not influence the number or duration of interdigestive motility cycles in either group although antroduodenal co‐ordination in both the fasting and the fed state was enhanced by cisapride (P<0.05). In diabetics the postprandial antral motility index was increased by cisapride, whereas in healthy subjects antral and duodenal motility indices were increased both fasting and in the fed state (P<0.05).These results suggest that impaired antroduodenal co‐ordination is of importance in delaying gastric emptying by diabetic subje

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis study describes effects of sulphasalazine, 5‐amino‐salicylic acid (5‐ASA) and sulphapyridine on polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils incubated with 5‐ASA was reduced in a concentration dependent fashion (10−5‐10−4M). Degranulation and release of lysozyme and ß‐glucuronidase by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils was inhibited by sulphasalazine but increased after incubation with 5‐ASA (P<0.01). Production of O2−was inhibited by sulphasalazine (IC50: 2 × 10−4M) and to a lesser extent by 5‐ASA (IC50: 10−3M). Using a cell‐free system sulphasalazine was found to be a strong scavenger and 5‐ASA and sulphapyridine had only weak effects. Superoxide anion production requires translocation of a cytochrome b‐245and this translocation was reduced by sulphasalazine (P<0.01) but not by 5‐ASA or sulphapyridine. In conclusion, the intact sulphasalazine molecule has an action of its own and marked differences exist between the action of sulphasalazine and 5‐ASA, which may b

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 150 mg ranitidine, 300 mg ranitidine or placebo, administered every 8 h, on gastro‐oesophageal pH and heartburn parameters in reflux patients. Twelve symptomatic reflux patients received each of the three treatments in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion. Intragastric and oesophageal pH were monitored continuously for a 24 h period. Meals were standardized, consumed at set times and patients were allowed to recline and sleep from 23.00 hours until 06.00 hours only. The gastric record was analysed for the percentage of time that the pH was ≧ 4. The oesophageal record was analysed for acid contact time (percentage time (%) pH ≦ 4.0) and reflux episode frequency. Finally, patients recorded each new episode of heartburn and graded daytime heartburn severity at the end of each hour. Ranitidine increased the median (%) time that the intragastric pH remained at or above 4, from 4.5 (placebo) to 33.9% (150 mg dose) and 33.3% (300 mg dose). Ranitidine dose‐dependently reduced the median 24‐hour oesophageal acid contact time from 13.3% (placebo) to 6.8% (150 mg dose) and 2.5% (300 mg dose). The 300 mg dose significantly reduced daytime heartburn episode frequency and severity while the 150 mg dose reduced heartburn severity only. We conclude that 150 and 300 mg doses of ranitidine administered every 8 h have major, sometimes dose‐dependent effects on the objective parameters and symptoms of gastro‐oes

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPrevious clinical trials have evaluated a large number of symptomatic individuals with heartburn. Most studies have documented the need for multiple daily dosing with H2‐antagonists to achieve clinical and statistical efficacy for symptom relief. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety profile and efficacy of famotidine oral dosing regimens, 40 mg nocte and 20 mg b.d. with placebo in the relief of symptoms in patients suffering from frequent heartburn found to have endoscopically normal oesophageal mucosa or mild non‐erosive oesophagitis. Famotidine (20 mg) b.d. reduced and eventually completely relieved gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms in most patients during the 6‐week trial. Global assessment of improvement at 2 and 6 weeks indicated significantly greater improvement with a b.d. treatment regimen than with either a 40 mg nocte or placebo treatment. No statistically significant differences between famotidine and placebo in the number of patients who experienced clinical adverse experiences were noted and no serious adverse events attributable to famotidine occurred. Based upon these findings, patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms experience good relief of their complaints with twice daily famotidine in stand

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTo define the optimum doses of omeprazole appropriate for acute and long‐term therapy of patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, 24‐h oesophageal pH was measured in 12 patients with symptomatic reflux and an abnormal 24‐h oesophageal acid exposure time (>6%) in a randomized, double‐blind, four‐way crossover study comparing the effects of omeprazole 10, 20, or 40 mg/day and placebo. Total reflux time over 24 hours, number of reflux episodes per hour, and the number of reflux episodes lasting>5 minutes were measured by ambulatory 24‐h oesophageal pH monitoring. All doses of omeprazole were superior to placebo in decreasing gastro‐oesophageal reflux as measured by each index.With placebo, oesophageal acid exposure was 16.3 % of the 24 hours, 10 mg omeprazole/day reduced that to 6.3 %, 20 mg/day lowered acid exposure to 0.9%, and 40 mg/day to 0.6%. Thus only the 20 and 40 mg doses reduced acid exposure to within the normal range. Similar results were obtained with the other indices of reflux. These data suggest that a rational dose regimen for reflux oesophagitis is 20 mg/day, a regimen that has proved effective in clinical trials. The present study indicates that 24‐hour oesophageal pH monitoring is a practical approach to the determination of drug dosage in patients with gastro

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBile reflux gastritis occurs in the absence ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori). The aim of this study was to see if the bile acids cheno or ursodeoxycholic acid affected the growth or adherence ofH. pylori in vitro. Twenty‐seven strains growth were inhibited by 0.1% chenodeoxycholic acid whereas only 11 out of the 27 were inhibited by 0.1% ursodeoxycholic acid. Growth was totally inhibited by a combination of 0.05 % chenodeoxycholic acid + 0.05 % ursodeoxycholic acid. Chenodeoxycholic acid was a more effective inhibitor of adherence in that the number inhibited and percentage inhibition were greater than with ursodeoxycholic acid. Bile salts might be useful in the treatment ofH. pyloriinfectio

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe description of a patient with the irritable bowel syndrome whose symptoms were completely relieved by the administration of somatostatin raised the possibility that a deficiency of somatostatin may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. We have examined this possibility by studying 11 healthy controls (35 ± 12 years; mean ± S.D. 8 female) and 10 irritable bowel syndrome patients (39 ± 14 years; 7 female) complaining of frequency of defaecation of 4 or more times a day. Plasma somatostatin concentrations were determined by specific radioimmunoassay, fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after a standard breakfast. Irritable bowel syndrome patients and controls had similar fasting (27.4 ± 5.1vs. 35.2 ± 4.3 pg/ml; mean ± S.E.M. and integrated increment of post‐prandial (5105 ± 858vs. 3885 ± 793 pg. min/L) plasma concentrations of somatostatin, as assessed by student'st‐test. These observations do not support the idea that a state of somatostatin deficiency exists in the irritable bow

ISSN:0269-2813    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY