ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester, DHEA sulfate, are intriguing because of their dramatic age‐related circulating decline and demonstrated salutary actions in animal models. This has led to the hypothesis that some of the degenerative complications of the aging process in man may be related to a relative deficit in these steroids. This remains a hypothesis, and, unfortunately, DHEA is now available openly in the rmarket place and is being touted as a cure‐all and fountain of youth by entrpreneurs desiring profit. It is the aim of this review to synthesize the results of DHEA studies performed in men and women so that a proper perspective can be reachned regarding its putative medicinal value.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture. Bone mass in later life depends on a balance between the amount of bone gained during growth and the subsequent rate of loss. Bone mass is a complex trait that is subject to several environmental influences. Genetic factors are now recognized to be extremely important in determining bone mass, but the genes that are involved remain incompletely defined. The candidate gene approach has been most widely used in studying the genetic basis of osteoporosis. Clinical studies have shown positive correlations between polymorphisms of several candidate genes and bone mass, including the vitamin D receptor, collagen 1&agr;1, estrogen, transforming growth factor beta and interleukin‐6. No single gene has been found to dominate bone density however, consistent with the view that bone mass is under polygenic control. It is probable that future studies will identify other genes that regulate bone mass and it could be that by using combinations of polymorphisms in several candidate genes it will be possible to identify subgroups of individuals at high or low risk of osteoporosis. A potential application of this technology in the future would be in screening for osteoporotic fracture risk, possibly in combination with standard means of risk assessment such as bone densitometry and biochemical markers.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;An increased frequency of lipid disorders is believed to be responsible, in part, for the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Decreased insulin action, attributable to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, is the primary cause. Increased triglyceride and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels often associated with small,. dense, low density lipoprotein (LDL) (dyslipidemia) are found more commonly than in nondiabettic patients, and elevated LDL values occur with equal frequency in overweight, elderly diabetic, and nondiabetic individuals. In addition, compositional abnormalities increase the atherogenicity of lipoproteins. These abnormalities are largely reversed by administration of high dosages of insulin in type 1 diabetic patients; in patients with type 2 diabetes, a dyslipidemic pattern frequently persists despite treatment with oral agents or insulim. Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL are predictive of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in diabetes, although hypertrigly‐ceridemia loses its predictive power in patients with normal LDL levels or after correction for low HDL. Cut points for diagnosis and goals for treatment should be set lower for diabetic patients than for the general population. Weight reduction and increased physical activity are useful initial approaches to therapy. Recent evidence in diabetic patients with CHD that lowering LDL using statin drugs is associated with at least the same relative degree of benefit as in nondiabetic patients provides the rationale for aggressive LDL lowering in diabetic individuals, given their excess rate of CHD. Pharmacotherapy for hypertriglyceridemia is more controversial except in patients with severe abnormalities.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Turner Syndrome (TS) consists of short stature, a spectrum of karyotypes and abnormalities of the ovaries, heart, and kidneys, and changes in the eyes and ears. Reproductive problems, learning disabilities, and psychosocial issues may further compound the care of children and women with TS. TS requires lifelong, multispecialty integrated care and guidance and involvement of the patient and parents with ongoing education and support.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is produced in intrauterine sites including the placenta, decidua, and myometrium during human pregnancy. Placental CRH may have endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Its output into the maternal circulation increases as a function of gestation and correlates with increases in levels of mRNA encoding CRH in placental syncytiotrophoblast. Regulation of placental CRH expression and activity is multifactorial, being inhibited by progesterone and nitric oxide (NO), and stimulated by cytokines, neuropeptides, and glucocorticoids. CRH acts as a vasodilator in perfused placental tissuein vitro, may modulate maternal and fetal pituitary function, and has been implicated in mechanisms associated with the onset of labor at term and preterm.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;We describe a 42‐year‐old man with Graves' disease who became thyrotoxic coincident with a major emotional trauma that was not disclosed until his third visit to the clinic. The possibility that distress denied might ignite Graves' disease via cross‐talk in the psychoimmunoendocrine network is considered. We suggest that an empathic search for the stressor that activated the disease and the use of stress reduction techniques in the long‐term management of Graves' disease may be useful. If nothing else, the physician may benefit from hearing the story of the individual's illness rather than the history of a patient's disease.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A 50‐year‐old woman with acromegaly and primary hyperparathyroidism was treated by a slow release formulation of lanreotide, a new somatostatin analog, at a dosage of 30 mg every 2 weeks intramuscularly. Therapy was maintained for 6 months. In addition to normalization of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 concentrations, she exhibited a reduction of her urinary calcium excretion by 47% at 3 months and by 37% at 6 months. Serum calcium and pa:rathyroid hormone concentrations showed no changes with therapy. The findings in this particular patient suggest that slow release lanreotide might be useful in reducing hypercalciuria in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID