ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cortex. There is evidence for sympathoadrenal hyperactivity in many patients with major depression and literally hundreds of reports documenting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity in drug-free depressed patients. This “endocrinopathy” has been shown to be associated with alterations in the adrenal cortex (glucocorticoid), pituitary (β-endorphin and ACTH), and central nervous system (CRF) of depressed patients. The hyperactivity of the sympathoadrenomedullary system and the HPA axis in major depression is described in detail, including the pathophysiological and treatment implications of these findings.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A patient with hyperthyroidism and an anterior mediastinal mass presents a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis warrants exclusion of a malignancy. In such cases, the CT scan helps to define the anterior mediastinal lesion. Our patient had benign thymic hyperplasia that was predicted by CT. The association of Graves' and thymic hyperplasia, though not widely recognized, can be reasonably ascertained using the clinical history and CT findings. Appropriate treatment of the hyperthyroidism usually leads to thymic regression.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Despite their world-wide prevalence, the concurrent association of osteomalacia due to vitamin D deficiency and thyrotoxicosis has not been previously reported. We describe the diagnostic perplexity derived from this rare combination in a patient in whom increased bone turn-over due to thyrotoxicosis resulted in normalization of serum calcium, masking the characteristic hypocalcemia of vitamin D deficiency.Department of Medicine (Y.L., L.A.) and Endocrine Unit (Y.L.), Soroka University Hospital of Kupat-Holim and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OX-PHOS) produces the majority of the cellular energy (ATP) required for normal function in a variety of organs and tissues. Because both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes encode the genes required for OXPHOS, its genetics are complex. Moreover, the novel features of mitochondrial genetics provide an alternative means for interpreting some forms of heterogeneous genetic disease. A prediction of the mitochondrial genetic paradigm is that some forms of chronic degenerative disease will be due to mitochondrial DNA mutations. Recent studies have confirmed this notion by showing that mutations in the mitochondrial DNA can be responsible for diabetes mellitus.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Until recently, shortness of stature was viewed merely as an individual attribute, with no “therapy” available or imagined. In this article, historical perspective is provided for diagnosis of conditions causing short stature, development of methods for diagnosis of insufficient growth hormone secretion, controversies in diagnosis, and trends in growth hormone therapy. A decision tree is offered for current evaluation of short children for possible classic or subtle disorders of growth hormone release. Guidelines for administration of growth hormone, for choices about who should be treated versus who should be studied, and benefits and risks of growth hormone therapy are discussed. Participation of very short but non-growth hormone-deficient children in controlled trials may finally resolve the questions of whether growth hormone therapy alters final adult height or adult psychosocial adjustment and may help to evaluate the benefit-risk balance of such treatment. Pragmatic use of growth hormone in short normal children outside of controlled trials is not currently appropriate.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Obesity, an extremely prevalent health problem in our society, is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and its complications. When seen mostly in the abdominal region, obesity tends to associate with a lipoprotein pattern of elevated triglycerides, milder elevations of LDL-cholesterol, and lowered HDL-cholesterol levels. The mechanism by which this pattern occurs is complex, and likely involves increased fatty acid delivery to the liver, causing increased production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This greater utilization of fatty acid substrates and reduced utilization of carbohydrate substrates may produce a state of relative hyperglycemia and the resulting hyperinsulinemia may further contribute to hepatic triglyceride production. Increased lipolysis of triglyceride-rich particles is also seen in obese subjects, thus representing an overall increase in the metabolic activity of adipose tissue in obese subjects. Lowering of HDL-cholesterol likely reflects the increased lipolysis of triglyceride-rich particles. Weight loss, if gradual and sustained, is associated with reversal of these lipoprotein abnormalities, independent of alterations in dietary fat intake. A combination of diet and exercise seems to have the greatest long-term benefit, with significant improvements seen even without normalization of weight.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review presents a transcription factor, Pit-1, and its relevance to clinical practice. Our knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis of disease is growing at an amazing pace. Intranuclear transcription factor proteins, which influence gene expression, are being discovered and characterized. Pit-1, a pituitary-specific transcription factor, is necessary for the development and subsequent function of somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and thyrotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. In this review we will discuss the molecular mechanisms by which Pit-1 influences gene expression and explore the role of this factor in pituitary diseases such as hypopituitarism and pituitary tumors.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease diagnosed by the presence of prostatic enlargement and lower tract urinary obstruction. Finasteride (Proscar®), is a potent and specific inhibitor of 5α-reductase, that inhibits the conversion of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), an important promoter of prostatic growth. It has provided a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of BPH. The safety and efficacy of finasteride in the treatment of symptomatic BPH have been demonstrated by two multicenter placebo controlled studies. After 12 months of treatment with finasteride 5 mg, prostate volume, DHT and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were reduced and maximum urinary flow rates and symptom scores were improved. Finasteride was well tolerated. Upon completion of the controlled studies patients were eligible to enter an open-label extension study in which all patients received finasteride 5 mg. Approximately half of the 543 patients randomized to the finasteride 5 mg group in the controlled studies have now been treated with finasteride 5 mg continuously for 3 years. The data provided by this group of patients on the long-term safety and efficacy of finasteride in the treatment of symptomatic BPH are reviewed.

ISSN:1051-2144    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID