摘要:

AbstractIn the present study we evaluated the haematological and immunological changes in 4 patients with advanced melanoma and 6 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with subcutaneous interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-alfa-2b. Serum samples taken before and during six weeks' courses of IL-2 plus IFN-alfa were assayed for the presence of IL-2, soluble IL-2-receptor (sIL-2R), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), IL-6 and IL-8. In addition, whole blood counts were taken. Eosinophilia occurred in all patients, lymphocytosis in 8 patients. The higher maximum level of IL-2 during treatment seemed to be connected to longer survival: it was a median of 578 pg/ml in the patients with a median survival of 7 months, and 1025 pg/ml in the patients who survived a median of 15 months. Conversely, an increase in slL-2R was an unfavourable sign: it was a median of 8-fold and 3-fold in the patients with a median survival of 7 and 16 months, respectively. During treatment, sICAM-1 levels paralleled with those of slL-2R. There was major intraindividual and interindividual variation in serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels with no distinctive kinetic pattern. Thus, no definite conclusions could be drawn. However, it seems worthwhile to measure IL-2, slL-2R and sICAM-1 during immunotherapy; their prognostic value should be further evaluated in a larger patient population.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052740

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe immunological effects of interferon (IFN)-αadministration were evaluated in 15 patients with cHCV infection. Individuals were treated with 6 MU of lymphoblastoid IFN-αthree times a week for 6 months and with 3 MU three times a week for an additional 6 months. Patients were divided into responders (12 subjects) and nonresponders (3 subjects) respectively according to alanine aminotransferase serum levels at the end of treatment. Before therapy (To) absolute numbers of CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ CD14+ and CD16+ cells were significantly reduced in both groups when compared to normal values. At the same time all patients displayed a profound decrease of phagocytosis and killing exerted by both polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes (MO). However MO Killing resulted to be normal in the responder group. With special reference to T cell function T cell mediated antibacterial activity using Salmonella typhi as a target was also significantly reduced. After therapy (T12) in responder patients a significant increase of CD3+ CD4+ CD14+ and CD16+ cell absolute numbers was observed while phagocytic and T cell functions were still depressed.Among the nonresponders in two of three patients IFN-αadministration gave rise to an increase (above normality) of CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ CD14+ CD16+ and CD20+ cell absolute numbers while in one patient the same markers dramatically dropped below normal range. In two patients antibacterial activity was significantly augmented by IFN-αtreatment whereas in one patient no modification was observed. Finally in the same patients IFN-αdid not correct PMN and MO pretreatment deficits.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052741

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMacrophage proteinases including cathepsin B (CB) are implicated in the tissue injury of inflammatory lesions. We have previously shown that interferon-γ(IFN-γ) increases intracellular levels of the lysosomal proteinase CB in THP-1 cell primed with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We have now examined the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in this effect. Following activation with PMA the intracellular CB activity was significantly increased in the presence of 500 U/ml IFN-γ. With the addition of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide staurosporine H-7 or phloretin a reversal of the effect of IFN-γwas noted whereas the addition of the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitors HA 1004 H-8 H-89 or cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) Inhibitor did not block the effect. Although diacylglycerol (DAG) did not replace PMA in the study Diacylglycerol Kinase Inhibitor induced a more pronounced augmentation and PKC depletion inhibited the effect. This suggests that a PKC-dependent pathway is involved in the response of CB in PMA primed THP-1 cells to IFN-γ.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052742

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractModulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses can alter the normal protective mechanisms against invading pathogens. The cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-γ(TNF-γ) are crucial in the inflammatory cascade for upregulation of adhesion molecule expression neutrophil recruitment and additional cytokine induction. To determine if the cytokine antagonists interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) and tumor necrosis factor-binding protein (TNF-bp) alter host resistance mechanisms they were evaluated in a rodent abscess model.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052743

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe studies were conducted on Balb/c mice exposed to restraint stress twice for 12 h at 24 h intervals. Some of the experimental mice were immunized i. p. with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The antigen was injected before the first exposure of the mice to restraint stress or immediately after the second loading was ended. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) at a dose of 20 mg/kg or calf thymus extract (TFX) at a dose of 10 mg/kg were injected i. p. four times at 74 h intervals before or after the exposure to restraint stress.In our experiment restraint stress drastically reduced the number of thymocytes and splenocytes as well as the weight ratio of the thymus and spleen and the changes sustained for 10 days of the observation. Besides humoral response of the restrained mice to SRBC was deteriorated as the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) and anti-SRBC antibody titers (total and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant) decreased. The suppressive action of the stress on humoral response was weaker when the antigen injection preceded the first exposure of mice to restraint stress as compared with that observed when antigen stimulation took place immediately after the exposure of mice to stress.It has been found that DTC and TFX administered to mice either before or after the exposure to restraint stress effectively inhibit stress-induced immunosupression. The protective or immunomodulating action of the two drugs is expressed in accelerated and enhanced recovery of the spleen and thymus and in total or partial restoration of the humoral response to thymus-dependent antigen. TFX administered after the exposure of mice to restraint stress proves to have a stronger protective and reconstructive impact on thymus while DTC has a stronger restoring effect on the humoral response dependent on effector T lymphocytes. DTC administered immediately after the exposure of mice to restraint stress results in total restoration of humoral response to SRBC.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052744

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThree different procedures were used to isolate lipopolysaccharides from the Salmonella enteritidis strain 477 : phenol—water extraction with ethanol precipitation (LPS l) phenol—water extraction with methanol precipitation (LPS 2) and FPLC purification (LPS 1/1). Production of interleukin-lβ(IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed in the Supernatants of adherent spleen cells of BALB/c mice after the stimulation and cultivation of the cells. The quantity of IL-1βand IL-6 depended on the method of LPS isolation. The highest level of IL-lβwas recorded at LPS 2 and of IL-6 at the stimulation of cells by means of LPS 1.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052745

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe interaction between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and prednisolone (PD) in the inhibition of rat lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated. Thein vitroproliferative response of splenocytes from male Sprague-Dawley rats stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was measured by the incorporation of3H-thymidine into the DNA. DHEA and PD were added at the initiation of cultures individually and in various molar ratio combinations. The search for synergy additivity or antagonism between the two compounds was performed by using the median-effect method of Chou and Talalay and Drewinko's statistical analysis. Both compounds individually inhibit the proliferation of PHA-stimulated rat lymphocytes. DHEA with an IC50value of 13.4 pM was a thousand times less potent than PD which had an IC50value of 5.4 nM. Synergy was observed between DHEA and PD. The intensity of the interaction appeared to be function of the molar ratio of the two drugs. The association of DHEA and PD could produce enhanced steroid effects in anti-inflammatory therapy.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052746

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBronchoalveolar lavage macrophages isolated from cats were cultured on glass coverslips. Macrophages were exposed to a water-soluble extract ofSpirulina platensisin concentration range of 0 to 60 ug per mL for two hours.Spirulina-extractexposure did not cause significant macrophage cytotoxicityoveruntreated Control cultures. Macrophage monolayers from treated and control cultures were incubated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as well as viableEscherichia coli. The percentages of phagocytic macrophages for both of these particulate antigens were higher (a two-fold increase in SRBC phagocytosis and over 10% increase inEscherichia coliuptake) in cultures treated with various concentrations ofSpirulina-extract. However the numbers of either types of particles internalized by phagocytic macrophage were not different between the control and treated cultures. These data which showed thatSpirulina platensisextract enhances macrophage phagocytic function imply that dietarySpirulinasupplementation may improve the disease resistance potential in cats.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052747

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCornell K-strain White Leghorns and broiler chicks were raised to 7 wks and 3 wks of age respectively with diets containing various levels (0 10 100 1,000 and 10,000 ppm) ofSpirulina platensisfrom day of hatch. Chicks in all treatment groups had comparable body weights. While bursal and splenic weights did not change the K-strain chicks had larger thymuses (P<.05) over the controls (0 ppm group). No differences were observed in anti-sheep red blood cells antibodies during primary response. However during secondary response K-strain chicks in allSpirulina-dietary groups had higher total anti-SRBC titers with 10,000 ppm group being the highest (6.8 Log2) versus the 0 ppm (5.5 Log2) group. In broiler chicks a one Log increase in IgG (P<.05) was observed in 10,000 ppm group over the controls. Similarly chicks in 10,000 pprnSpirulinagroup had a higher PHA-P-mediated lymphoproliferative response over the 0 ppm controls. Macrophages isolated from both K-strain (10,000 ppm group) and broilers from allSpirulinagroups had higher phagocytic potential than the 0 ppm groups.Spirulinasupplementation at 10,000 ppm level also increased NK-cell activity by two fold over the controls. These studies show thatSpirulinasupplementation increases several immunological functions implying that a dietary inclusion ofSpirulinaat a level of 10,000 ppm may enhance disease resistance potential in chickens.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979609052748

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor