摘要:

AbstractLevamisole, a widely used antihelminthic drug has been shown to restore cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in anergic patients with cancer and to amplify the activation of T lymphocytes by in vitro mitogens. Levamisole has been approved for the treatment of colon cancer in combination with 5 Fluorouracil. Herein we report a case of a 5 1/2 y.o. male who presented with a fulminant, disseminated mycobacterial infection of his joints secondary to a deficiency in his cellular mediated immunity in association with chemotherapy for a T cell leukemia. The patient was treated with Levamisole resulting in restoration of his T cell functions and resolution of his mycobacterial infection.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007085

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has immunoregulatory effects in addition to its neuroendocrine role. We examined the ability of CRF to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary vascular leak in vivo. Female BALB/C mice were treated with either normal saline (NS) or CRF prior to injection with LPS. Pulmonary vascular leak was inhibited by CRF as assessed by measurement of lung wet-to-dry ratios. The stress-induced increase in serum corticosterone levels in mice injected with LPS alone was not further increased by treatment with CRF. This indicates that the effect of CRF was not mediated centrally by stimulation of endogenous steroid release. Histologic examination of the lungs revealed that leukocyte infiltration was significantly depressed in CRF-treated mice thus confirming the protective effect of CRF. In addition, a modest prolongation of survival was demonstrated in CRF-treated mice following challenge with LPS (p=.08). These data indicate the potential utility of CRF as a modulator of pulmonary vascular leak.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007086

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe immunomodulatory effects of two synthetic muramyl peptides (MP): muramyl dipeptide and glucosaminyl- muramyl dipeptide have been compared. It was shown, that MP effects on immune response are a consequence of the alteration in T lymphocyte regulators balance. MP action on old mice immune response and lymphocyte function was stimulating only: increasing of T helper precursors frequency and IL-1 production by macrophages. In the latter both MPs acted as correctors, recovering the decreased IL-1 production by old mice macrophages to young control level.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007087

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCocaine was found to inhibit in vitro mitogen-stimulated rat B and T lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50for B lymphocytes (70μM) was 2 to 4 fold lower than that obtained with T lymphocytes. To determine whether ion channel blockade or inhibition of monoamine uptake produced a similar suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, the effects of pharmacological agents sharing each of these properties with cocaine were examined. Lidocaine (0.5 mM), a sodium channel blocker, had no significant effect on B and T cell proliferation. By comparison, cocaine inhibited lymphocyte responses by greater than 80 percent at this concentration. Monoamine uptake inhibitors were also found to suppress lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner similar to that obtained with cocaine. Of those tested, desipramine and fluoxetine were considerably more potent than cocaine, nomifensine and nisoxetine. These data demonstrated the addition of cocaine directly to lymphocyte cultures resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation which was not due to Na±channel blockade. Instead, the resemblance of monoamine uptake inhibitors to the action of cocaine suggests that lymphocytes may be intrinsically sensitive to these agents.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007088

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe have developed an in vitro system to model the interactions of drugs used to treat transplant rejection. This system consists of stimulation of human lymphocytes with a primary mitogen (anti-T-cell receptor complex antibodies (OKT3 or wt31)) and treatment with a primary immunosuppressive drug (ISD) (Cyclosporine A (CsA) or FK-506)). This is later followed by stimulation with a secondary mitogen (Interleukin-2 or anti-CD28), and treatment with a second ISD. This system allows a variety of concentrations and compounds to be rapidly tested.We have used this system to study the effect of various compounds when used as either primary or secondary ISDs. Our results show that when CsA is used as the primary ISD, further proliferation can be inhibited by rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, or suramin. When FK-506 is the primary ISD, inhibition of proliferation by rapamycin is variable depending on the primary and secondary mitogens. If rapamycin is the primary ISD, both CsA and FK-506 show antagonistic interactions.These results suggest that the order in which combinations of ISDs are administered in transplantation may have significant effects on the clinical outcome.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007089

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractOral administration of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris(CVE)(20mg/mouse, 10 consecutive days) augmented the resistance against an i.p. infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice. The numbers of bacteria in a CVE-administered group were significantly lower in the peritoneal cavity or spleen than those in a control group.FCM analysis revealed thatγδ±Thy 1.2±cells in the nonadherent PEC from CVE-administered mice increased more prominently in number at the early stage on day 3 or on day 5 after infection as compared with those in control mice. The increment ofγδ±Thy 1.2±T cells was also evident in spleen in CVE-administered mice at this stage after infection. The proportion of TCRαβ±Thy 1.2±T cells in the nonadherent PEC of a control group increased from 13% on day 0 to 49% at the late stage on day 10 after infection, whereas the proportion of TCRαβ±Thy 1.2±T cells in the nonadherent PEC in CVE-administered mice increased to 64% on this stage after infection in association with augmentation of DTH response to Listeria. These results suggest that CVE-administration effectively augment cell-mediated immunity against Listeria through the increment ofγδ±T cells in the early phase and the increment ofαβ±T cells in the late phase after listerial infection.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007090

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe examined the role of endogenously produced interleukin 1ß(IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in lectin-induced nonspecific suppressor activity in vitro. The cultures consisted of highly purified T lymphocytes, autologous monocytes and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Kinetic studies revealed peak levels for both TNF-αand IL-1ßproduction 4 hr after initiation of cultures which then declined and reached minimal levels on day 3. At this time point maximal levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were detected which declined sharply 24 hr later. The decline in cytokine levels in culture supernatants was most probably due to their consumption by the mononuclear cells which were found to express specific receptors for IL-1ß, (IL-1ßR), TNF-α(TNF-αR) and IL-2 (IL-2R) after 3- and 6-days of culture. After their first cycle of production and consumption both monokines were reproduced and the events followed the same patterns as for the first cycle: both monokines were first produced and at the time point of their consumption, IL-2 production reached maximal levels. The requirement for IL-1ßand TNF-αin both IL-2 production and generation of suppressor activity was shown by three different approaches which included (a) blocking of HLA-DR molecules on monocytes which prevented monokine consumption during the early stages of culture, (b) blocking of HLA-A,B,C molecules on monocytes which prevented monokine consumption and IL-2 production late in culture, and (c) neutralization of monokine activity late in culture which resulted in highly reduced IL-2 production. T lymphocytes harvested from such cultures exhibited diminished suppressor activity. Our data suggest that the generation of nonspecific suppressor cell activity in vitro represents a complex system that requires cell interactions via self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen recognition and two cycles of cytokine production, where IL-1ßand TNF-αproduction and consumption is a prerequisite for IL-2 production. Since lectin-induced nonspecific suppressor activity in vitro is deficient in certain autoimmune disorders the data presented herein might help in understanding the cellular basis for this immunodeficiency.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007092

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn the present communication, we describe acrylamide (ACR) induced immunotoxicity and its modulation by an interferon inducer, the 6th mycelial fraction acetone (6-MFA) of Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 28706. ACR administration to rats produced a significant decrease in the weight of spleen (p<0.001), thymus (p<0.001) and mesenteric lymph nodes (p<0.05). A decrease in cellularity of spleen (p<0.001), thymus (p<0.001), bone marrow (p<0.001) and circulating blood lymphocyte population (p<0.001) was also recorded. ACR suppressed the humoral as well as cell mediated immunity as assessed by erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC)-rosettes (p<0.001), hemagglutination litre (p<0.001), PFC (p<0.001) and the delayed type hypersensitivity response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC, p<0.001).ACR treated immunosuppressed rats when treated with 6-MFA restored the circulating lymphocyte number to the normal level and a partial recovery in the weight of spleen and thymus. Potentiation of EAC-rosettes, hemagglutination litre, IgM-PFC and DTK response against SRBC was observed. It is concluded that 6-MFA ameliorate the ACR induced toxicity. This study may be of significance in prevention of ACR toxicity.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007093

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation was aimed to examine non-specific immunologic capabilities of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during the development of hypertension. In vitro phagocytosis and oxidative killing exerted by monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and splenic macrophages (SpMø) were evaluated in SHR at 5-, 8-, and 24-weeks of age. Age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls.Results showed that in pre-hypertensive stage (5-wk) there was no difference between SHR and WKY rats with regard to non-specific immunologic functions. Statistically significant differences in both phagocytosis and oxidative killing arose in early hypertensive stage (8-wk) and became more marked in adult SHR with established hypertension (24-wk).In conclusion, our data provide evidence of novel immunologic abnormalities in SHR in terms of ingestion and bactericidal phagocytic capabilities. The mechanisms responsible for these impaired immunologic functions may depend on various suppressive factors which will be object of discussion.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007094

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate whether prenatal exposure to relatively low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) may alter the frequency of splenic cells either in young (15—21 days) or in aged rats (18 months). Wistar female rats were exposed to 75 and 150 ppm of CO from day 0 to day 20 of pregnancy, respectively.The results show that prenatal exposure to 150 ppm of CO significantly decreases the number of leucocyte common antigen (LCA±) cells in 21 day old male rats, whereas other cellular populations, such as macrophages, Major Histocompatibility (MHC) II cells, T and B lymphocytes display only a trend towards a reduction without achieving statistical significance. The alterations in LCA±cell frequency produced by gestational exposure to CO were reversible.These data further extend previous findings showing that rats prenatally exposed to moderate concentrations of CO exhibit subtle immunological changes in the absence of overt signs of toxicity.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979409007095

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor