摘要:

AbstractIn the past few years it has become evident that neuropeptides may be direct mediators in the modulation of the immune response and the unspecific defense by the brain. Lymphocytes have been thought to have opioid receptors and to respond to opioids with an increase in blastogenesis, cytotoxicity and factor release. Lymphocytes are said to release various neuropeptides. Furthermore, there are some unexplained effects of morphine on the immune system and of the immune system on morphine withdrawal. The purpose of this paper is to review what has been previously published in this field. The well established modulation of phagocyte functions by opioids will only be scanned.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041423

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of cimetidine upon suppressor cell effector function in a well-studied murine model of contact hypersensitivity were examined. Intravenous inoculation of BALB/c mice with DNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells induced the production of DNP-specific suppressor cells which was demonstrated by a reduction in ear swelling after contact sensitization with l-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) following transfer of spleen and lymph node cells to naive syngeneic recipients. Cimetidine treatment of mice who had also received suppressor cells eliminated the manifestation of suppressor cell activity as measured by the development of normal immunologic response following contact sensitization with DNFB. While all the groups receiving cimetidine showed restoration of delayed hypersensitivity, the maximum effect was seen when 50 mg/kg of cimetidine was administered on Day 5 (day of challenge). These results indicate that, in addition to its previously described inhibitory role in suppressor cell induction, cimetidine is also capable of inhibiting suppressor cell effector function. The involvement of histamine in both these processes in vivo is also suggested.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041424

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe investigated the effects of an Escherichia coli-derived product (OM-89) in mice. The oral administration of OM-89 led to a significant (p<0.05. Student's t test) increase in the levels of IgA in intestinal secretions, which was at maximum 25 days after the end of the treatment, when a two-fold increase in IgA levels was observed. The i.p. inoculation of OM-89 induced the stimulation of anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen. The effect of OM-89 was dose-dependent and produced up to a 9-fold increase in PFC in the treated mice when compared to untreated controls. The oral administration of OM-89 proved to be effective in the enhancement of resistance to challenge i.p. inoculation with E. coli. 32% of OM-89-treated mice showed resistance to this experimental infection at minimal LD100. The combined effects of low environmental temperature and cyclophosphamide (CY) immunosuppression enabled us to enhance differences in survival rates in experiments on the modulation of resistance towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The oral treatment with the immunoraodulator induced a significant (p<0.05, Student's t test) level of protection in CY-immunosuppressed mice to the intranasal infection with P. aeruginosa, when mice were kept at low environmental temperature right after the bacterial challenge. The protective effect of OM-89 treatment was dependent on both the environmental temperature and the timing of the experiment.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041425

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractLethal effect ofListeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes)in mice was prevented by an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to), 4 days before ip bacterial infection. The numbers of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity and liver were smaller in shosaiko-to-treated mice from one day after the infection. Macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity after ip inoculation ofL. monocytogeneswas observed in both untreated and shosaiko-to-treated mice. Although rates of such increases were almost the same between both groups, the absolute number of macrophages was larger in shosaiko-to-treated than in untreated mice because of a higher level of the macrophage number at 4 days after ip injection of shosaiko-to. In untreated mice, bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages decreased from one day to 3 days after ip injection of killedL. monocytogenes. Such an activity was maintained at the same level from 1 to 3 days in shosaiko-to-treated mice. Augmented accumulation of macrophages and maintenance of their bactericidal activity may be main mechanisms of the augmented resistance in shosaiko-to-treated mice. Augmented resistance against bacterial growth in the thigh muscle in ip shosaiko-to-treated mice may be caused by such mechanisms. The effect of shosaiko-to observed at an early stage of infection may be T cell-independent, since such an effect was observed in athymic nude mice and delayed footpad reaction could not be detected at such a timing in euthymic normal mice.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041426

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractT-2 toxin, a fungal metabolite shown previously to exert potent immunosuppressive effects, was examined for its effects on activation and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production by murine and rat splenocytes. Splenocytes (1×106cells/well) were incubated with 1μg Concanavalin A (Con A) for 48h at which time cellular protein and DNA synthesis by these cells were ascertained using radiolabeled precursors. IL 2 synthesis was determined from the cell supernatant using the IL 2-requiring cell line CTLL. Spleen cells from mice treated for 4 consecutive days with 2 mg/kg toxin exhibited a 50% reduction in in vitro Con A activation but the supernatant IL 2 levels from these cells was 4-fold higher than cells from control mice. In vitro exposure of Con A-activated normal spleen cells to various toxin doses for 48h resulted in diminished protein and DNA synthesis at 0.4 ng toxin with maximum inhibition at 1 ng (50% inhibition (TC1D50) - 0.5 ng). Enhanced synthesis of both products was observed at lower toxin concentrations. IL 2 production by these cells followed a similar toxin dose response. Rat splenocytes were slightly more resistant and CTLL cells were slightly more sensitive to T-2 toxin than mouse splenocytes. These results indicate the variable effects a cytotoxic agent can have on lymphoid cells and that dosage is an important parameter for these effects.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041427

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMurine splenocyte-supplemented bone marrow cell suspensions were incubated with mafosfamide, an analog of“activated”cyclophosphamide, prior to transplantation across major histocompatibility barriers into lethally-irradiated recipient mice in an attempt to reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)-related mortality without compromising engraftment. Irradiated mice that received vehicle-treated splenocyte-supplemented bone marrow inocula developed symptoms of severe GvHD; the majority of such animals did not survive. Treatment of donor cells with 160μM mafosfamide for 30 min resulted in a marked increase in animal survival without evidence of GvHD. Survival of bone marrow allografts was demonstrated by the persistence of donor-type mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of surviving animals. Treatment of donor cells with a four-fold higher concentration of mafosfamide also resulted in a significant increase in survival without evidence of GvHD; however, host resistance to engraftment was indicated by a low percentage of donor mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of the survivors. Treatment of donor cells with a four-fold lower concentration of mafosfamide resulted in a slight increase in survival; however, all animals developed symptoms of GvHD. These results indicate that, at appropriate concentrations, mafosfamide can effect the elimination of GvHD-causing T lymphocytes from donor bone marrow inocula without compromising its engraftment potential.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041428

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a diet supplemented with yogurt containing live lactobacilli (LAB) - Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilic - on the response of inbred mice to infection with Salmonella typhimurium was elaborated. The results of our experiments were consistent with the hypothesis that modifications of the microflora influence the adherence of S. ty-phimurium to intestinal mucosa, the natural antibacterial activity of the Peyer's patches lymphocytes, the accumulation of the macrophages in the liver, the proliferative responses of the splenocytes. The relationship between modifications of the immune response following ingestion of yogurt with live LAB and increased defense mechanisms was confirmed by the bacterial counts in livers and spleens and by the reduced mortality to S. typhimurium infection.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041429

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA human whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) assay was established using zymosan as cell activator. Aroclor 1254 was found to inhibit this CL response in a direct linear relation to its concentration, (50% inhibitory dose, (ID50) equal to 5×10−4M) in diluted blood samples of 10 normal human subjects. In comparison the ID50of other inhibitors was 1.3×10−3M for ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 3.3×10−3M for ascorbic acid, 4×10−3M for reduced glutathione, 1.2×10−3M for ethanol, 2.5×10−1for methanol and 3.7×10−1M for dimethyl sulfoxide. Using 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as cell activator the CL response was likewise inhibited by Aroclor 1254 with an ID50of 4.5×10−4M. However, it was found that Aroclor 1254 alone has a stimulatory CL effect on otherwise unactivated cells. To compare the mechanisms involved in the CL elicited by the three stimulants zymosan, TPA and Aroclor 1254, the CL signal was measured in the presence of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin B inhibited zymosan-induced CL, had a smaller inhibitory effect on TPA-induced CL but it could augment the CL response initiated by Aroclor 1254. This pattern of responses implicates Aroclor 1254 in the activation of eicosanoid metabolism as it matches the differential responses reported for arachidonic acid.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923978809041430

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor