摘要:

ABSTRACT:The presence of zona pellucida antibodies was sought in a group of ten women with infertility of unknown cause. The reaction of these sera with ova was compared to the reaction obtained with a control antizona pellucida serum produced by the immunization of a rabbit with 8,000 solubilized hamster zonae pellucidae. This antiserum reached a maximum titer of 1 in 256 as measured by an immunoprecipitation assay and of 1 in 1,024 as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. It is tissue‐specific but is not species‐specific.With the indirect immunofluorescence technique on ova obtained from different species, the sera of eight of the ten patients gave a positive reaction with at least one type of test ova: three patients gave a positive reaction with hamster ova, six with porcine ova, and two with monkey ova. One infertile woman presented a positive reaction on hamster ova and another on pig ova as detected with all three types of γ‐globulins. Two other patients presented a positive reaction with the anti‐IgG and ‐IgM on porcine ova. The titer of the reaction never rose above one in four in any of the positive cases.Adsorption of the sera with fresh erythrocytes from human, hamster, and porcine blood did not change the titer or the intensity of the fluorescent reaction on ova. This indicates that the positive reactions are not due to nonspecific heteroagglutinins. Adsorption of the sera with formalin‐fixed erythrocytes from human and porcine blood completely abolished the fluorescent reaction. However, the latter treatment, applied to a dihydrotestosterone antiserum and a β‐hCG antiserum also greatly diminished the binding of hormones to these antisera; fresh erythrocytes did not adsorb the antibodies in these two antisera. This demonstrates that formalin‐fixed erythrocytes are not suited for adsorption of sera before testing for specific autoantibodies to the zona pellucida in infertile women.None of the sera from the infertile women gave a positive reaction with human pre‐ovulatory or post‐ovulatory ova or with frozen sections of human ovary. None of the sera produced an inhibition of in vitro fertilization of hamster ova. On the contrary, the control zona pellucida antiserum completely blocked in vitro fertilization. Furthermore, in a group of pregnant women, 2 of 11 exhibited a positive reaction with hamster ova while 6 of 28 showed a positive reaction with porcine ova.These results suggest the presence of low titer zona pellucida antibodies in 8 of the 10 infertile women. The importance of these antibodies in their infertility rema

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The effects of Niridazole upon the development of autoimmune aspermatogenic orchitis (AIAO) was studied in guinea pigs.Niridazole administration before, during, or three days after alloimmunization with sperm cells emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) produced slight changes in some correlates of cell‐mediated immunity. No significant changes in humoral immunity or testicular histopathology can be observed at these periods.When Niridazole was administered ten days after alloimmunization, a significant inhibition of all manifestations of cell‐mediated immunity against spermatozoa was observed. Thirty days after alloimmunization, half of the animals studied failed to develop significant histopathological changes in testis or epididymis. However, the titer of cytotoxic antibodies to testicular cells increased from threefold to fourfold, when compared to those of alloimmunized animals not receiving Niridazole.The critical period for cell interactions concerned with the full expression of AIAO was found to be between ten and fifteen days after alloimmunizat

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The mechanism of spermatozoalymphocyte interaction was studied using spermatozoa and lymphocytes obtained from 11 healthy individuals and from 2 patients with spermatocoele. The lymphocytes activated by spermatozoa in 3‐day cultures were used as inducers of fresh, unstimulated autologous or allogeneic lymphocytes. In 9 cases of 13 tested sperm samples, a slight proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by spermatozoa‐induced lymphocytes was observed. The final effect did not depend on whether an autologous or an allogeneic system was used in the first and the second incubation. A possible explanation of the observed reaction is discus

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The present study was undertaken in order to determine what type(s) of pregnancy‐induced allogeneic reaction could alter MLC (mixed lymphocyte culture) reactivity in routine HLA‐D typing of lymphocytes in multi‐parous women (MW) possessing antibodies against paternal HLA‐DR antigens.Unresponsiveness to homozygous typing cells (HTC) representing a paternal and probably fetal HLA‐DR determinant was frequently observed.Kinetics experiments ruled out an early secondary proliferative response to HTC representing the paternal HLA‐D determinant, which would be missed in a classical long‐term mixed lymphocyte culture. Direct cytotoxicity against paternal or panel target cells was not always associated with inhibition of proliferative response to the same stimulator cell. Specific anti‐HLA‐DR blocking activity (antibodies?) in the supernates of restimulation reactions of lymphocytes from MW could be responsible for this inhibitory effect.Moreover, the study points to the existence of suppressor cells in the immunized MW acting independently of specific restimulation.Thein vitrosuppression appeared to be selective, restricted to cells sharing HLA‐D linked structures with the suppressor cells, and suggests that auto‐regulator mechanisms could be induced in pregnancy in order to modulat

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Previous studies have shown that, in the mouse, a factor is produced by the fertilized ovum within 24 h of mating. It cooperates with prolactin to stimulate ovarian production of component B of early pregnancy factor (EPF). This paper presents an initial characterization of the substance, termed ovum facor (OF).An indirect assay based on the rosette inhibition test for EPF has shown that OF is first released upon penetration of the ovum by the fertilizing spermatozoon. OF continues to be produced at least until blastulation. Processes which parthenogenetically activate the ovum are also capable of stimulating OF release from unfertilized ova. Gel filtration studies reveal that OF exists in multiple MW forms of approximately 160,000; 2,800; and 1,500.A substance with these characteristics has not been described previously; it may represent the first embryonic signal to the mother.

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes, obtained from 84 pregnant women was tested, using human embryonic fibroblast cells as target cells. Lymphocytes of 8 women who delivered small for date babies before term and those of 3 women who had spontaneous abortions were significantly more cytotoxic (p<0.001) than lymphocytes of women who delivered small for date babies at term, appropriately grown babies before term, or appropriately grown babies at term.Data suggest that a higher level of in vitro lymphocyte cytotoxic activity of pregnant women forecasts either the preterm delivery of small for date babies or the occurrence of spontaneous abortions.

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The literature dealing with the immunological state of the pregnant woman has been conflicting. The concentrations and activity of a number of hormones and proteins which modify lymphocytic activity have been measured both in vivo and in vitro during pregnancy. Most of the differences between reported studies can be reconciled to technical or experimental variations. In some instances, the purported suppressive effects of embryonic proteins such as HCG have actually been caused by the impurity of the preparation studied. We have attempted to approach the question of whether or not the pregnant woman is immunosuppressed by studying a regulatory material in the lymphocytes. It is known that cAMP is a mirror of lymphocytic activity and that low levels of cAMP may indicate a high degree of reactivity, while high levels are present when lymphocyte reactivity is low. In an initial study, ten women volunteered to have blood drawn in the last trimester and two months postpartum. Cyclic AMP was extracted from lymphocyte‐enriched leukocytes and stored until all samples were available from all patients so that the analysis could be made simultaneously. Five samples were obtained from healthy nonpregnant women in the same age range. Postpartum and nonpregnant women were found to have significantly elevated levels of cAMP as compared to the lymphocytes obtained in the third trimester of pregnancy. The experiments were then repeated using seven more patients. The same significant increase in postpartum lymphocyte cAMP concentrations were found. The precise reason(s) for this is not known, but may be due to increased suppressor cell activit

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The influence of thymic preparations on the kinetics of the development of PFC response to sheep erythrocytes was tested in mice 0 to 4 weeks old. Soluble thymic factor (STF) or thymic epithelial culture supernatant (TES) was prepared from the thymuses of C57B1/6 mice. STF was injected to gravid mice on day 13 or on day 18 of gestation. A marked acceleration in the appearance of PFC to SRBC was noted only in the offspring from those mothers having received STF on day 18. The ability to generate anti‐SRBC response in vitro by splenocytes from 1‐to 4‐week‐old mice was significantly improved in the presence of TES. The accelerated appearance of the response to a T‐dependent antigen is attributed to increase in the ratio of T helper/T suppressor cells resulting from differentiation and/or clonal expansion under the influence of STF crossing of the placental barrier in the materno‐feta

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The ascites fluids from 9 patients with invasive gynecologic neoplasms were examined to determine the immunocompetence of the mononuclear ascites cells and the immunoregulatory properties of the cell‐free ascitic fluid. Blood mononuclear cells (from 5 patients) were also tested. The mononuclear cells from the cancer patients responded poorly to stimulation with polyclonal mitogens; only the blood mononuclear cell response to pokeweed mitogen was not significantly less than that of normal subjects. The addition of autologous serum or cell‐free ascitic fluid to the cell cultures enhanced the response of the cells to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, had little effect on the response to concanavalin‐A, and greatly depressed the response to succinyl‐concanavalin‐A. We found no evidence for the presence of suppressor cells in the ascites cell populations. The data are consistent with the thesis that the depressed immune responses are the result of malnutrition associated with advanced malignan

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1982.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY