ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Maternal antipaternal immunity was compared between a group of 12 couples with normal reproductive histories and a group of 13 couples with obstetrical histories of more than one consecutive stillbirth or repeated pregnancy loss subsequent to having had successfully carried to term. Couples were studied for maternal‐paternal HLA antigen sharing and for maternal antihusband immunity in tests detecting both complement dependent and independent antibodies as well as in an assay measuring direct cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. There was no significant difference in the proportion of HLA antigen sharing between these two groups; however, the women in the pregnancy loss group demonstrated significantly more antipaternal immunity than their normal childbearing counterparts and more than previously described for aborting couples who share HLA antigens. Screening of the cytotoxic sera on a well characterized cell panel failed to reveal alloreactivity patterns consistent with paternal HLA antigen profiles. These data demonstrate that certain women who suffer recurrent pregnancy losses can mount vigorous immune responses to paternal lymphocyte antigens. We propose that the appearance of such lymphocytotoxins represents inappropriate maternal immune responses to fetal extraembryonic antigens that may subsequently result in fetal de

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The detection of early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a controversial subject. The findings of independent groups attempting to confirm the phenomenon of EPF have been quite variable. The present article gives details of an improved rosette inhibition assay using a monoclonal antibody (anti‐human‐Lyt‐3), instead of an anti‐lymphocyte serum (ALS), in order to increase reproducibility. Results are calculated for the first time in terms of absolute monoclonal anti‐Lyt‐3 concentrations. It is suggested that results be expressed as the Rosette Inhibition Antibody Concentration (RIAC) or the more accurate extrapolated 25% Rosette Inhibition Antibody Concentration (25% RIAC), in place of the previously used Rosette Inhibition Titer (RIT), when monoclonal antibodies are used. Following a 1.5 h incubation period the mean 25% RIAC for pregnant serum was 15.9 ± 4.0 ng/ml and for control serum 48.0 ±12.7 ng anti‐Lyt‐3/ml. The improved method described should enable different groups to establish the test an

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) against hCG have been characterized with regard to their affinity and their ability to neutralize the biological activity of hCG in vivo. The production and specificities of these reagents were described in the preceeding paper of this series. Equilibrium association constants (Ka) of the MCA, determined by radioimmunological saturation assays, ranged from less than 1 × 108M−1up to 3.7 × 109M−1whereas values for conventional polyclonal antisera against hCG ranged from 8.9 × 109M to 1.8 × 1010M−1. The ability of MCA to neutralize the biological activity of hCG was tested in a rat bioassay in vivo; 9 of 13 different MCA preparations tested could neutralize hCG. Surprisingly, this property did not correlate with affinity or specificity, and was not restricted to those MCA recognizing the hormone specific β‐subunit. It could be demonstrated that determinants on each individual subunit as well as epitopes formed by both subunits are involved in the expression of the biological act

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Placentomata of sheep immunized with human serum albumin (HSA) were examined. Both HSA and immunoglobulins were found in the maternal part and maternofetal border of the placenta using FITC labelled antisera on paraffin sections. Radiolabelled HSA was also detected in the fetal blood. The ultrastructure of placentomata revealed immunopathological process.

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Contraceptive vaccines based on active immunization against gonadotropic hormones are being investigated in humans and other primates. Immunization against the β‐subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLHβ) reduces fertility in rhesus monkeys by inducing inadequate luteal phases and preventing corpus luteum rescue by rhesus chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG). These effects result from the cross‐reactions of the oLHβ‐antibodies with rhCG and rhLH. We used human CG (hCG), which also cross‐reacts strongly with anti‐oLHβ to examine how the circulating oLHβ‐antibodies affect the metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of hCG in rhesus monkeys.125I‐hCG was injected into four nonimmunized and seven immunized monkeys and blood was collected at frequent intervals over 7 days. Total and immunoprecipitable radioactivity did not differ significantly, suggesting that the radioactivity in the plasma consisted almost entirely of125I‐hCG. This was confirmed by column chromatography. The MCR (mean ± SE) was significantly lower (p<0.001) in six immunized monkeys (0.35 ± 0.06 liters/day) as compared to controls (1.19 ± 0.09 liters/day). The hCG disappearance curve in control monkeys was best described by a two‐compartmental system (slow and fast) while an additional third (intermediate) compartment of distribution was typical for immunized animals. The half‐lives of hCG for the two exponentials corresponding to the slow and fast components of distribution were not significantly different between the two groups. One immunized monkey had a MCR (1.44 liters/day) that was much greater than the MCR of the other six. This monkey cleared a significantly smaller proportion of hCG in the slow and a higher proportion in the intermediate compartment and unlike the others, formed a circulating immune complex capable of binding hCG that was significantly larger than the antibody‐hCG complexes found in the other six immunized animals. We conclude that circulating antibodies to oLHβ reduced the MCR of hCG in six of seven monkeys. The decreased MCR found in immunized monkeys is associated with a shift in clearance from the “fast” to the “slow” compartment as well as the addition of an intermediate compartment of distribution. Plasma disappearance rates of hCG depend o

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The functional maturity of human umbilical cord blood B lymphocytes and the immunoregulatory activity of cord T lymphocytes were assessed by measuring the in vitro immunoglobulin production by B cells from either cord or adult blood. Supernatants from 48‐hr pokeweed‐mitogen (PWM) stimulated cord or adult lymphocyte cultures were added to cord or adult B cell cultures in the presence of PWM; a significant amount of immunoglobulin was produced in adult B cell cultures only. Adult B or T cells were then cocultured with cord T or B cells; a significant amount of immunoglobulin was again found only in adult B cell cultures. These results indicated that cord B cells were functionally immature and that cord helper T cell function was adequate but masked by excessive suppressor activity. Indeed, addition of cord T cells but not of allogeneic adult T cells to PWM stimulated adult lymphocyte cultures inhibited their immunoglobulin production; this confirmed cord T cells' increased suppressor activity. Cord T cells were not intrinsically suppressive since they failed to suppress immunoglobulin production by Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV) transformed B cells. They could be activated, however, by PWM or allogeneic cells (in mixed lymphocyte cultures) and their effect was mediated via soluble factor(s) as demonstrated by the suppressor effect of these culture supernatants on immunoglobulin production by unfractionated adult lymphocytes. In contrast, when these supernatants were added to T cell‐depleted adult lymphyocyte cultures, enhancement rather than suppression was observed. These results indicated that the soluble factor(s) released by Cord T lymphocytes was not suppressing per se but induced suppression through activation of suppresso

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C3, C4, C1EI) and sperm antibodies were determined in plasma and follicular fluid samples from 26 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The results show that IgG, IgA, C3, C4, and C1EI concentrations in follicular fluid are similar to plasma concentrations (63.1–96.1% of plasma levels). The follicular fluid concentration of IgM was severely reduced, however, being only approximately 10% of plasma concentrations. Sperm antibody titres were compared in three patients using sperm agglutination, immobilization, and immunobead binding. The titres in plasma and follicular fluid were similar, apart from antibodies of IgM class, which were undetectable in follicular flui

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:We selected sera from 44 patients (36 males and 8 females) that were positive for antisperm antibodies using ELISA (titer ranged from 1:32 to 1:512) for the evaluation of a simplified method for determination of antisperm antibodies. This method uses a correlation between a single absorbant value and the endpoint titer of the same serum. This simplified procedure increases the number of the sera that can be tested on each plate, resulting in considerable saving of time, reagent costs, and materials. A standard curve allows the direct determination of endpoint titer using the absorbance value found at a single dilution. This modification improves the utility of the assay for the epidemiological screening of antisperm antibodies in patients who may have an immunological cause of infertility.

ISSN:0271-7352    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1984.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY