摘要:

AbstractAn innovative simulation technique employing a saline-soluble fluorescent dye for evaluating the potential contamination by cancer chemotherapeutic agents of the work area and of personnel during normal mixing and administration procedures has been developed. The technique involves replication of routine mixing and administration procedures within a sampling frame laminated with a nonfluorescent surface. The user also wears protective clothing and gloves which are later examined for contamination by the fluorescent dye, as are the vials and syringe. Typical results are presented here. Observations made during technique development demonstrate that under many routine procedures the work surface, hands, and clothing, particularly the inner sleeves and chest covering, are contaminated by the dye. The usefulness of the technique and the implications of these data are discussed and practical suggestions for preventing similar exposure from cancer chemotherapeutic agents during actual use are given.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018459

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractEstrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) assays are used to guide the hormonal treatment of metastatic/recurrent carcinoma of the breast. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value were calculated in comparing no receptor testing, ER testing alone, PR testing alone, and ER and PR in parallel. Analyses demonstrate that the indications for utilizing receptor assays are influenced by the valuation of uncertain outcomes and whether hormonal therapy is routinely planned in the absence of receptor test information. The PR assay appears best suited when patient outcome values mandate minimizing the likelihood of a false-positive outcome, with a corresponding increase in the likelihood of a true-negative outcome, even if this results in a reduced chance of a true-positive outcome and an increased chance of a false-negative outcome. Test specificity gives PR an advantage in this case. The ER assay has a comparative advantage when there is little difference in value between true-negative and false-positive outcomes and the primary contribution of testing is to maximize true-positive outcomes, while correspondingly minimizing the false-negative outcomes. This requires high test sensitivity. In either case, parallel testing does not appear to add appreciably to single test performance.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018460

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA randomized, double blind crossover trial compared the antiemetic effects of alizapride, a benzamide, and prochlorperazine, a phenothiazine, both administered intravenously to 32 patients treated with chemotherapy combinations containing cisplatin. The total dose of alizapride administered to each patient was 14 mg/kg, and of prochlorperazine. 56 mg/kg, divided in five doses. Although alizapride resulted in complete protection against emesis in 31% of the patients during their first course of cisplatin therapy, 42% of those who received alizapride had five or more episodes of emesis. Although prochlorperazine was less effective in offering complete protection against emesis, only 15% of the patients receiving this drug vomited more than five times. The duration of emesis during prochlorperazine treatment was also significantly shorter than during alizapride therapy (p>0.02). Optimal dosage and pharmacokinetic distribution of both drugs should be investigated further.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018461

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Abstractα-L-Fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51; FUS) activity and isoenzyme characteristics were analyzed in normal lymphocytes, normal (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs), and myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes had a lower mean specific activity than normal lymphocytes (2.5 vs. 4.0, p>0.05). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts had a higher mean specific activity compared to normal lymphocytes (9. 7 vs. 4.0; p>0.001), CLL lymphocytes (9.7 vs. 2.5; p>0.001), and acute myeloid leukemic (AML) blasts (9.7 vs. 7.6; p = NS). Normal PMNs had a higher mean specific activity than normal lymphocytes (7.0 vs. 4.0; p>0.05) but similar activity when compared to CML cells or AML blasts. Blasts from acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) patients had higher activity than normal PMNs (9.0 vs. 7.0; p<0.05). The isoenzyme patterns of normal and leukemic granulocytes and lymphocytes were obtained by automated chromatofocusing on PBE-94 microcolumns with normal and leukemic lymphocyte lysates. With normal and leukemic lymphoid lysates two major isoenzyme components (B and A) were isolated. The isoenzyme patterns of PMN, AML, CML, and AMMoL revealed three major peaks (B, A, I), totally different from those seen in lymphoid cells. The patterns of AML, CML, and PMN appeared to be similar to each other; however, the isoenzyme pattern obtained from AMMoL cells could be distinguished from the others by a prominent I peak. Thus, the FUS isoenzyme profile distinguishes the blasts of AMMoL from AML; and AMMoL and AML from ALL.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018462

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was used to examine the phenotypic changes in three African Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, P3HR1, Daudi, and Raji. Cells were cultured with a nanogram concentration of TPA for up to seven days and then analyzed by flow cytometry and an immunoperoxidase staining method. The cells were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with B lymphocytes or B cell leukemia/lymphomas, and an antibody to the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt). All three cell lines were found to express more HLA-linked DC/DS (Leu 10) antigen, while demonstrating a concomitant decrease in the expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase after TPA induction. The other antigens including Ig, BA1, BA2, Tac, Leu 8, Leu 1, C3bR, Leu 12, and Leu M5 showed no significant changes. The marker expression and differentiation pattern of these African Burkitt's lymphoma lines are very similar to those of pre-B cells except for the surface IgM expression observed in Daudi cells. The expression of CALLA and Tdt in African Burkitt's lymphoma is probably not the result of an Epstein-Barr virus infection, but may in fact reflect the true nature or origin of tumor cells. We conclude that African Burkitt's lymphoma cells are derived from an early stage of B-cell differentiation closely related to, but more mature than pre-B cells.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018463

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMucositis is one of the major problems encountered after the administration of systemic chemotherapy. Leucovorin, routinely used as a rescue agent for methotrexate may reduce toxicity, but may also reduce the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic agent. If leucovorin is administered as a mouth wash, local toxicity may be reduced without loss of methotrexate efficacy. In order to study this, 15 normal human volunteers were given leucovorin mouth wash and then had plasma determinations of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate and citrovorum factor. Small but statistically significant increases in plasma levels of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate were observed with no increase in levels of plasma citrovorum factor. It is concluded therefore that a small amount of leucovorin is absorbed systemically when administered as a mouth wash, but such an amount would most likely not be significant enough to reduce the effect of methotrexate therapy, but may reduce mucositis.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018464

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018465

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018466

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018467

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn 1984, questionnaires were sent to members of the International Psycho-Oncology Society concerning the practice in their country with regard to revealing the diagnosis of cancer to patients, their opinion about the effect of their policy, and their impression of local trends and attitudes toward cancer. Data from 90 respondents from 20 countries revealed that use of the word“cancer”was often avoided in discussions with the patient. Words commonly substituted for cancer were those that implied a“swelling”(e.g., tumor, growth, lump), and“inflammation,”or a pathophysiologic change (blood disease, precancerous, unclean tissue). Oncologists estimated that a low percentage (80%). However, in all countries, the majority of physicians tell the family the diagnosis. The majority (90%) reported a trend toward increased telling of the diagnosis, due to greater patient information and expectations, and increased physician openess in using the word cancer. Most (68%) felt that the overall effect of revealing the diagnosis was positive. While emotional distress was transiently greater when patients were told, there were positive effects concerning coping, compliance, tolerance of treatment, planning for future, communication with physicians and others, and improved prognosis. The transient negative effects were depression, anxiety, and anger. It is important to recognize that efforts to find the“correct”position about revealing or concealing cancer diagnosis must recognize that the language between doctor and patient is constrained by cultural norms. Communication is likely to be far less dependent upon the specific words used then upon the meaning that is conveyed by the doctor.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908709018468

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor