摘要:

AbstractA case control study of 2,908 breast cancer cases and 3,180 controls, derived from a nationwide screening program, enabled evaluation of the relationship of breast cancer risk to a variety of menstrual factors. Risk was significantly inversely related to age at menarche, with women who first menstruated at age 15 or later having a 23% lower risk than those with menarche prior to the age of 12. There was a higher relative risk (1.3) for premenopausal than menopausal women. In contrast to previous studies, there was only a slight increase in risk associated with a late age at natural menopause, possibly owing to errors in recall. Bilateral oophorectomy at an early age exerted a protective influence on breast cancer risk, with effects manifested approximately 10 to 15 years after oophorectomy. Women who had both ovaries removed prior to the age of 40 had a 45% reduced risk compared to women with a natural menopause at ages 50 to 54. In addition, bilateral oophorectomy at an early age was associated with a lowered risk relative to natural menopause at a comparable age, which may reflect the more pronounced and sudden decline in endogenous hormones associated with the surgery. Although these results were based on patient reports regarding the types of surgical menopause experienced, validation against medical records showed close correspondence regarding the number of ovaries removed.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080645

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe performed this chemotherapeutic trial to try to delay the onset of the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by pulsing doses of drugs most likely to be effective against emerging“blast”cells characteristic of acute phase disease. A randomized trial in patients with CML comparing busulfan maintenance to busul-fan maintenance plus pulsed doses of cytarabine and lomustine did not yield any differences in either time to blast crisis or death.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080646

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTen patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas who had only bypass surgery to relieve biliary obstruction were treated with radiation therapy to the pancreas and liver with concurrent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intravenous infusion therapy. Treatment regimen was three cycles of chemoradiotherapy with a two week rest period between cycles. 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2per day) was administered by continuous infusion for the first five days of each cycle. In the first cycle radiotherapy was given to the pancreas to 2, 000 cGy/10 fractions using 6 to 10 mV x-rays. In the second cycle 2, 400 cGy/160 rads/fraction radiation was delivered to the pancreas and whole liver. In the third cycle, 1,600 cGy/160 rods/fraction to a total dose of 6, 000 rods, was administered to the pancreatic tumor. All ten patients completed the treatments without interruption. No major side effects were noticed during the course of treatment. Survival ranged from 9 to 16 months and median survival was 11 months. Symptomatic relief was obtained in all 10 patients. One patient who lived for 16 months developed duodenal stenosis and underwent gastrojejunostomy

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080647

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCholestatic jaundice induced by hepatic intra-arterial 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) demonstrated marked improvement in three patients following treatment with oral corticosteroids. Subsequent“prophylactic”use allowed continuation of chemotherapy and improved quality of life. Corticosteroid use in selected patients with FUDR-induced cholestatic jaundice may be beneficial.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080648

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSerum beta2microglobulin (B2M) has recently been shown to be a powerful, although nonspecific, marker of multiple myeloma (MM) disease activity. Since the nature of cells producing high levels of B2M remains obscure in MM, we measured (in vitro) the spontaneous secretion of free B2M in 58 culture samples from 52 patients with MM. In comparison with samples from normal individuals and from individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, an abnormal secretion of B2M was found in 83% of samples containing myeloma cells. Levels of secretion significantly correlated with the percentage of tumor cells, tumor progression, and moreover, with the immunoglobulin type of the tumor. The highest levels of secretion were noted in IgG and IgA MM. Our present results would favor the hypothesis of a direct secretion of B2M by myeloma cells and emphasize the interest of B2M as a marker in a majority of (but not all) patients with MM.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080649

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 recognizes a mucin-like glycoprotein, TAG-72, which has been detected in a spectrum of human carcinomas, but not in the normal tissue counterparts. Using avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical techniques, MAb B72.3 was reacted with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetal and pediatric tissue sections to determine the extent of expression of the recognized antigen in these tissues. First trimester fetal tissues failed to express detectable antigen. Gastrointestinal epithelia from 13 to 34 weeks gestation demonstrated the most immunoreactivity with B72.3 although bronchial respiratory epithelium of the lung, transitional epithelium from the kidney, Hassall 's corpuscles of the thymus, and gonadal tissues from fetuses of both sexes were also reactive. The TAG-72 antigen was not detected in fetal breast, pancreas, liver, spleen, adrenal, or heart. Expression of the TAG-72 antigen in malignancy appears to correlate well with fetal tissue reactivity with B72.3.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080650

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSeventeen patients with metastatic breast cancer who had failed prior chemotherapy were treated with intravenous AZQ at a dose of 15-20 mg/m2weekly for four consecutive weeks followed by a two-week rest period. No responses were observed. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. One patient experienced massive liver infarction possibly related to AZQ. Our data suggest that this agent at the schedule and dosage used is of no benefit in pretreated breast cancer patients.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080651

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence, clinical features, histogenesis, and treatment of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) are reviewed. This unusual skin lesion is associated with an underlying adnexal neoplasm in about 50% of cases. Also, the incidence of distant organ malignancies of EMPD is higher than expected by chance. Even in the absence of a recognizable underlying cancer, EMPD may occasionally produce distant metastases, indicating the malignant potential of this condition. Histochemical, immunohistological, and lectin binding studies demonstrate that the cell of origin of EMPD is the exocrine cell of sweat glands. Although EMPD may arise from ec-crine cells, derivation from apocrine cells appears more common. The treatment of the primary lesion, by wide margin excision, is fraught by a high recurrence rate. Chemosurgery may reduce local relapse of EMPD. The value of adjuvant radiation therapy is unestablished. Chemotherapy has induced remission in 2 cases of advanced EMPD and needs testing in clinical trials.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080652

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractEukaryotic cells contain a family of genes termed cellular oncogenes or proto-oncogenes thought to regulate normal cell growth and development. In some abnormal circumstances, such as following transduction by retroviruses, activation of these genes causes leukemias in animals. Possible mechanisms of activation of cellular oncogenes include: point mutation, deletion, or insertion; amplification; activation by internal rearrangement, chromosomal translocation, or promoter insertion; recom-binatorial events resulting in the formation of novel chimeric genes; among others. In this review, we consider data implicating activation of cellular oncogenes in the pathogenesis of leukemia in humans. We discuss possible mechanisms whereby oncogene activation may induce leukemias, as well as potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080653

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPrimary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), although relatively uncommon in the United States and western countries, is one of the three most common causes of cancer mortality in the world, accounting for 250,000 to 1,000,000 deaths per year (1). In Taiwan, it is the leading cause of death for men over 40 years of age (30/100,000/yr at age 40 rising to 100/100,000/yr at age 60) (2). Even in the United States, there are about 5,000 deaths per year from PHC, giving an age-adjusted annual mortality of 2.2/100,000, which is three times that of Hodgkin's disease (0.7/100,000) (3). The incidence of PHC is essentially the same as the mortality, the five-year survival being in the 2-3%range. Thus far, the only therapy that appears to improve survival is the resection of small (less than 3 cm in diameter) asymptomatic tumors (4).

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908809080654

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor