摘要:

AbstractMetoclopramide was compared to a metoclopramide plus dexamethasone combination in patients receiving high-dose cisplatinum. Metoclopramide 2 mg/kg intravenously was given every 2 hours for 4 doses during two consecutive chemotherapy cycles. A randomized double-blind crossover was used with placebo or dexamethasone 20 mg given intravenously before the first metoclopramide dose. Thirty-six patients completed both study arms. There was no difference in mean vomiting episodes (1.92 for metoclopramide versus 1.33 for the combination, p = 0.20). However complete protection (no vomiting episodes) was achieved in 56% receiving the combination but only 36% receiving metoclopramide alone (p<0.08). No significant difference in toxicity or patient preference was noted. Late nausea or vomiting lasting 2 to 7 days appeared in 26% of cycles and was associated with but not completely explained by a greater number of acute vomiting episodes. Combination antiemetic therapy can achieve a higher incidence of complete protection from cisplatinum-induced vomiting. However, late nausea and vomiting may require modification of present regimens.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017518

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTo determine the potential antigenic heterogeneity which might exist between a primary colon carcinoma lesion and its metastases, we stained the formalin and Zenker's fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from the resection specimens of 12 patients with Duke's Stage C adenocarcinoma of the colon with monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3. This MAb previously has been shown to react with a high molecular weight tumor-associated glycoprotein (termed TAG-72), which is selectively expressed in adenocarcinomas versus normal adult tissue (1). Five to 90% of malignant cells from all primary lesions stained with MAb B72.3 in paraffin-embedded tissue. A significantly diminished percentage of cells stained from the metastases in lymph nodes and distant sites. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the antigenic expression of the metastasis in the lymph node was a better indicator of the antigenic profile of the metastasis in the distal site than was the primary lesion in the colon. These findings suggest that the effective use of monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic imaging or therapeutic purposes may require the evaluation of the antigenic expression in regional node metastases rather than that of the primary lesion.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017519

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractEighty-nine dogs with malignant oral melanoma were selected for study. All dogs were clinically staged and treated with either surgical excision alone or surgery plus C. parvum immunotherapy. There was no difference in survival time between the two treatment groups. However, in dogs with advanced disease (Stages II, III) there-was a statistical difference between surgery alone versus surgery plus C. parvum (p = 0.01). Dogs with Stage I disease (tumor<2 cm diameter) had a statistically improved survival (p = 0.02) regardless of the therapy given. These results suggest that C. parvum, when combined with surgery, may have antitumor activity in the canine melanoma model.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017520

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe tumor-induced red blood cell (RBC) cytolysis assay has been used to demonstrate that three B16 melanoma sublines, the Fl, F10, and BL6, cause the cytolysis of normal red blood cells in vitro. RBC cytolysis was inhibited for all three sublines by metalloprotease inhibitors. Cell membrane preparations have been prepared for all three sublines and tumor cell membrane-induced RBC cytolysis was also shown to be inhibited by metalloprotease inhibitors. The FIO and BL6 sublines were shown to have cell membrane-bound proteases. The BL6 subline has a cell membrane enriched in an enzyme with a trypsin-like arginine specificity. The trypsin-like protease may have a metal dependence. The BL6 subline has a collagenolytic cell membrane enzymes and a chymotrypsin-like cell membrane enzyme. B16 cell membrane enzymes may be responsible for RBC cytolysis in vitro in a process requiring divalent cations.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017521

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDue to the high frequency of micro-or macrometastatic disease at the time of diagnosis of cancer, and to the increasing prevalence of cancer in this country, the use of chemotherapy to evoke cure or prolongation of survival has become critically important. In addition, the growth kinetics of large tumor burdens and the high probability of drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass at the time of diagnosis necessitate combinations of chemotherapeutic agents rather than single agents as the most effective mode of treatment. Since there are 40 to 50 active anticancer drugs now utilized, and since synergy between drug combinations is often dose and/or schedule dependent, the number of possible drug combinations and permutations is vast. Thus, screening for effective drug combinations requires a rational approach which will allow for accurate predictions of synergy. Most advances in this scientific approach have utilized biochemical modulation in conjunction with in vitro cytotoxicity assays, in particular, clonogenic assays. Such an approach has generated a number of drug combinations, such as sequential MTX-5FU, with widely applicable clinical efficacy. The continued use of biochemical modulation should rapidly generate new effective drug combinations which will, hopefully, allow us to cure even those cancers presently considered incurable.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017522

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017523

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017524

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe conservative recommendations of the second (1985) NIH Consensus Development Conference on Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer may result in needless premature deaths. The failure to recommend chemotherapy for high-risk postmenopausal patients is contrary to current practice among American oncologists. A recent Chemotherapy Foundation survey of medical oncologists revealed that 75% employed adjuvant polychemotherapy for high-risk postmenopausal women. Valid statistical data supporting the survival benefit of tamoxifen are derived from both Stage I and Stage II postmenopausal patients. While recommending tamoxifen as treatment of choice for Stage II. the Consensus lost an opportunity to encourage increased survival in Stage I patients and also discouraged chemoprevention trials such as those now underway in England. The curative potential of chemotherapy for high-risk women regardless of age was ignored despite several large studies ongoing now for 8–19 years which indicate 10–27% increased disease-free survival. As many as 10,000–15,000 lives per year could be saved in the United States by more realistic recommendations and the application of early aggressive chemotherapy for high-risk patients and tamoxifen for Stage I postmenopausal patients.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017525

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017526

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908609017527

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor