摘要:

A randomized trial was conducted comparing ketoconazole and nystatin in the prevention of oral candidiasis and appearance of invasive fungal infections in 51 neutropenic leukemic patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Ketoconazole was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. Nystatin oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. Patients were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/μl, if physical examination revealed no evidence of oral candidiasis, no evidence of urinary tract infection, and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. Patients were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/μl, evidence of oral candidiasis appeared, or presumed or proven invasive fungal infections appeared. Of the 46 evaluable patients, 22 received ketoconazole, 3 (14%) developed oral candidiasis, and 5 developed suspected systemic fungal infections (23%). Of 24 patients who received nystatin, 4 (17%) developed oral candidiasis and 8 (33%) developed systemic fungal infections, 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more patients on the nystatin arm progressed to invasive fungal infections. Ketoconazole was not superior to nystatin in reducing the frequency of oral candidiasis but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive fungal infections.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170099

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using recent data from cancer incidence surveys and measures of UVB exposure levels at seven geographic locations within the United States, we estimate the dose-response relation between UVB and skin melanoma incidence. Mathematical models used information from general population interview studies conducted in these locations to adjust for potentially confounding factors such as age, skin color, ancestry, eye color, hair color, sunburn sensitivity, prevalence of moles, freckles, and hours spent outdoors, use of sunscreen/lotion, and other variables. The effect of geographic UVB exposure on incidence was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01) after adjusting for each variable and certain combinations of these variables. We found that incidence rates for those skin melanomas arising in the face, head, neck, or upper extremities (i.e, the most exposed sites) were more sensitive to UVB increases than the incidence rates for those lesions occurring in the ordinarily less exposed sites of the trunk and lower extremities.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170100

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Natural killer (NK) cell activity of prostatic cancer patients was compared with that of control groups by the radioactive indium (IIIIn) release assay using the K562 and H494 cells as targets. Patients suffering from advanced prostatic cancer (clinical stages C and D) exhibited significantly lower NK activity against K562 cells (28±18%) than did the normal group (41±19%). The lower NK activity of these patients is not related to their age, since patients in the same age range with localized cancer (stage B) or benign prostatic hyperplasia did not show low NK activity (37%±19%). This lower NK activity is not due to a depletion of the NK cell precursor population, since the NK activity of advanced cancer patients improves significantly after in vitro incubation with interferon. The NK activity of normal subjects or patient groups showed wide fluctuations during the 18-month observation period. Because of these interassay variations, it is necessary to use standard control subjects during long-term monitoring of the NK activity of the patients.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170101

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Deamination of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) by cytidine deaminase (Cyt DA) is the main mode of the inactivation of this drug in vivo. Tetrahydrouridine (THU) and the deamination product, uracil arabinoside (ara-U) are potent inhibitors of Cyt DA. We investigated whether ara- U or THU pretreatments can protect ara-C frorn excessive deamination in tumor- (L1210) bearing mice. In order to determine this, plasma concentrations of ara-C, ara-U, and the intracellular levels of ara-CTP, the active anabolite of ara-C, were assayed. The control peak plasma levels of ara-C and ara-U were 3.3 and 0.78 mM and they were eliminated with a half life (t½) of 1.26 and 1.43 hours, respectively. One hour pretreatment with a nontoxic dose of ara-U (single dose of 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally), resulted in increased ara-C levels by 5.9-fold, while ara-U increased 14.3 fold in comparison with controls. A 24-hour (every 8 hours) pretreatment with ara-U increased ara-C plasma levels by 3.0-fold and it was eliminated with a t½of 1.21 hours. One hour pretreatment with THU (single dose 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) enhanced ara-C plasma levels by 5.3-fold. In control LI. 210I0 acid extracts, ara-CTP peaked at 2 hours and reached 2030±85μM; ara-CTP was eliminated with a t½1.47 hours. The ara-CTP cellular concentrations after 1- and 24-hour pretreatments were 1875±534 and 2624±429μM at 4 hours; the t½were 2.20 and 1.44 hours, respectively. The THU pretreatment resulted in a peak concentration of ara-CTP of 2208±366μM at 2 hours and was eliminated with a t½of 2.54 hours. We concluded that all pretreatments increased both the peak plasma ara-C concentrations and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). One hour ar a-U pretreatment did not enhance the peak ara-CTP cellular concentration, but did extend the t½. The 24-hour ara-U and the 1-hour THU pretreatments increased, to some extent, the cellular ara-CTP concentrations, but these differences were not statistically significant. THU pretreatment increased the time the peak occurred and the t½of ara-CTP. The area under the cellular ara-CTP concentration-time curve (AUC) in L1210 cells was either the same or increased by a small amount after the pretreatments. No increase in life span (%ILS) was observed after in vivo efficacy experiments in L1210/0 leukemia-bearing mice treated with identical regimens. Thus ara-U and THU pretreatments increase plasma ara-C concentrations, but do not significantly affect the intracellular (tumor) ara-CTP concentrations or the antitumor effect of the combination regimens.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170102

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

17β-acetamido-3-aza-A-homo-4α-androsten-4-one has cytostatic activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor, 11210, and P388 leukemias in mice when administered in-traperitoneally. The effect of the homo-aza-steroid on the incorporation of radioactive precursors to DNA and RNA of 12210 leukemia cells was investigated. It was found that treatment of cells with 12.5 fig/ml of the drug for I hour inhibited DNA synthesis by 81%. This was partly because the drug affected the radioactive thymidine pool in the cell. The inhibitory effect was found to be reversable. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was lower when cells were incubated in the presence of S9 mix. It was also found that the same compound inhibited RNA synthesis by 67%.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170103

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cells from 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) patients were induced to differentiate with various doses of tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the degree of induction was followed up to six days by measuring the expression of two surface membrane markers (Smlg and GP-70), Ig secretion, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and ultrastructural changes. The results indicate dose and time dependency of the TPA effect and a great heterogeneity in the response to TPA among cells from different CLL patients. Furthermore, the two main TPA-induced features, the“plasmacytoid”or“hairy cell”features depended on the dose and duration of treatment with the phorbolester. The plasmacytoid features were more frequently encountered at low doses (1 ng/ml) of TPA and were evident after short exposures to TPA (1–2 days). The hairy cell features were more obvious after incubation with higher doses of TPA (10–100 ng/ml) or at Day 6 with lower doses of TPA. The differentiation features measured, including cell morphology, surface membrane markers, Ig secretion, and TRAP staining, appeared to be independent of each other suggesting an autonomous pathway of differentiation for some of these features.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170104

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two human tumor cell lines, melanoma (TWI) and colon carcinoma (HT-29), replicate continuously in serum-free C-ITS medium [Chee's essential medium (CEM) supplemented with insulin (5 ng/ml), transferrin (5μg/ml), and selenium (5 ng/ml)]. The TWI cells assume normal morphology during growth, whereas the HT-29 cells become rounded and tend to aggregate in C-ITS medium. Under these conditions the two cell types synthesize a number of different cellular proteins, and TWI releases a number of proteins to the medium. These proteins include some factors which are needed for spreading and adhesion of the cells to the growth substrate as shown by the growth of HT-29 cells in serum-free C-ITS medium conditioned by TWI cells. HT-29 cells do not synthesize such factors or perhaps, do so in negligible amounts. The serum-free medium conditioned by the TWI cells may provide an approach for the cultivation of various human tumor cells in vitro.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170105

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170106

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170107

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.1080/07357908709170108

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor