摘要:

As part of a study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of meperidine and hydroxyzine, alone and in combination, a double-blind complete crossover study of meperidine (50 mg IM), hydroxyzine (100 mg IM), meperidine (50 mg IM) plus hydroxyzine (100 mg IM), and saline placebo was conducted. Thirty patients with chronic moderate to severe pain due to metastatic cancer were evaluated as to pain relief following administration of all four study medications. All of the treatment groups showed statistically significant analgesic activity as compared to placebo. Hydroxyzine provided sustained pain relief to six hours, whereas meperidine produced analgesia up to two hours. The combination produced additive analgesia only during the first 2 hr. The pharmacokinetics of meperidine and hydroxyzine were compared to observed analgesia. Significant correlation between serum drug levels of meperidine and hydroxyzine and pain relief resulted and the serum levels of meperidine and hydroxyzine necessary for analgesia were calculated to be 0.10–0.15 mg/ml and 60–70 ng/ml; respectively. The observed analgesia of the meperidine/hydroxyzine combination was correlated with the analgesia of the individual agents and the limited additive analgesia observed with the addition of meperidine to hydroxyzine does not justify the added toxicity of the narcotic.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042413

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is generally accepted that if ozone levels in the stratosphere are depleted, greater amounts of shortwave ultraviolet radiation (UVB) will reach the earth's surface, resulting in increased morbidity of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The incidence and UVB data are now available from a new epidemiologic study of skin cancer conducted at eight locations of the United States. We found that either a simple power function or a simple exponential function could be used to describe these new data. According to estimates based on the power model, should the amount of exposure to UVB increase by 30%, then the incidence of skin cancer will increase by 60% in males and 45% in females. Estimates based on the exponential model vary by location, (53–96)% in males and (39–68)% in females. These estimates are somewhat lower than those based only on earlier data. We emphasize that skin cancer rates also depend on variables other than UVB which may be location specific.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042414

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Splenic lymphocytes of mice immunized with membrane enriched fractions of human mammary carcinomas were fused with the NS-1 nonsecretor myeloma cell line. The resulting hybridomas were screened for the synthesis of immunoglobulins reactive with human mammary tumor associated antigens, and two IgG monoclonal antibodies (B1.1 and F5.5) were identified as being reactive with purified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These antibodies were shown to bind to different epitopes on CEA based on their differential reactivities to five different purified CEA preparations, and their differential binding to the surface of tumor cells derived from various organ sites. Monoclonal B1.1 bound equally to the surface of human breast, colon, and melanoma cell lines. Monoclonal F5.5, on the other hand, did not react with the surface of melanoma cell lines, and showed a differential binding to breast carcinoma versus colon carcinoma cells. Monoclonals F5.5 and B1.1 were both used in immunoperoxidase studies with fixed tissue sections of a variety of histologic types of human mammary carcinomas and were shown to be reactive with 55% and 66%, respectively, of tumor masses.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042415

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

CytolyticTlymphocyte (CTL) functions were compared in mice between the ages of 2 and 30 months. The stimulator cells were H-2 allogeneic spleen or tumor cells, parental-strain spleen cells, or syngeneic tumor cells. Effector cells capable of lysing syngeneic tumor cells were shown to beTcells and not NK cells. The cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) responses by spleen cells of aged mice were near normal against H-2 allogeneic spleen or tumor cells but were defective against syngeneic tumor cells or parental-strain spleen cells. The defective syngeneic tumor CML response was observed at various re-sponder:stimulator ratios and at various days of incubation. The defect was in the nonadherent, and not in the adherent, fraction of spleen cells. Suppressor cells were detected in spleens of 30 month, but not of 18 month old mice. Aged mice were more susceptible than young mice to small inocula of syngeneic C57BL EL-4 lymphoma cells. The immunogenicity of irradiated spleen cells of old mice had not changed for the F1 antiparent CML response. Splenic CML responses of young mice treated with89Sr demonstrated a similar pattern, i.e., good responses to H-2 allogeneic stimulator cells but poor responses to syngeneic tumor cells or to parental-strain spleen cells. This loss of certain CTL functions influenced by marrow dependent cells can partially explain the increased susceptibility of old animals to tumors.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042416

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042417

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is the second of two papers describing the biology of the naturally occurring RNA tumor viruses (oncoviruses). It will appear in two parts. In the first paper [Cancer Investigation 1(1):67–83 (1983)] the general properties of this class of viruses and the biology of the retroviruses of the“lower”vertebrates was discussed. In this paper the oncoviruses of the“higher”animals are described. Part one deals with cat retroviruses.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042418

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper introduces a series of invited essays on current controversies in basic cancer research. The initial group of essays focuses on the detection and interpretation of molecular and cellular changes suspected to be of importance in the cause and pathogenesis of cancer. There are two formats: (i) differing viewpoints are presented in parallel, or (ii) the author(s) evaluate a hypothesis in light of available data. Each type of paper aims to critically evaluate current hypotheses and supporting data, while avoiding pronouncements on validity. Recent advances in molecular biology now permit us to consider genes as chemical entities. Individual genes can be isolated, cloned to produce multiple copies, sequenced, and assayed for biological function. This new molecular technology is being applied to fundamental questions in cancer research. The controversies resulting from these pioneering studies are the topics of the initial papers in this series. Forthcoming essays will concern the mechanism(s) of tumor promotion; a search for cancer genes by DNA transfection; the role of DNA rearrangements as initiating events in carcinogenesis; the O6position of guanine as a critical target of carcinogens; and metals as mutagens and carcinogens.

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042419

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042420

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042421

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0735-7907    

DOI:10.3109/07357908309042422

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor