ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The learning of supervision implies not only acquisition of formal knowledge but also changes in the learner. Because these changes cannot be completely specified at the outset, the way a supervisor learns must be through a mixture of experiential and didactic teaching. The dialectic between the “inner” and the “outer” learnings required for counselors to change their roles to becoming supervisors forms the substance of this article. Early in the course, the class was fascinated by the seeming inevitability of “parallel process” issues between supervisor, trainee, and client. In the second half of the year, the beginning supervisors took on a new group of trainees and learned the importance of having a developmental model to guide their work. The bias in the course as a whole was that all learning requires a change in relationship, that supervision needs to be understood developmentally, and that it is best to treat beginning supervisors and trainees as creati

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors examine the effectiveness and subjective enjoyment of a computer‐assisted instruction program to teach neophyte counselors classic methods of psychotherapy. Software was developed that called for beginning counseling students to simulate dialogue with a client via the computer's keyboard. Students were able to compare their responses with those of classic therapists. Provisions for a printed record of the session were made. Questionnaires, knowledge tests, and students' choices of counseling styles provided investigators with feedback on learning and level of positive response to the teaching method. As with most computer‐assisted instruction studies, no evidence supporting increases in learning was obtained; however, free responses and ratings indicated that the students positively evaluated the program as a learning experie

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors attempt to bridge the gap between the research literature on supervision and its application to evaluating individual supervisor effectiveness. A conceptual framework is presented for making decisions about evaluation. In this framework the decision maker is directed to consider three issues—the purpose of evaluation, the developmental stage of the counselor, and the focus of evaluation—in selecting measures of effectiveness. Within this context, some promising measures of supervision effectiveness are discussed, and methods for linking changes in supervisee functioning to supervisor interventions are conside

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Extensive attention has been given by ACES and AACD to the unique role of the counseling profession. It is suggested that the definition of the profession lies in the association name: American Association for Counseling and Development. Counselors must integrate developmental theory systematically into the practice of counseling. Several alternative developmental models are summarized in this article, along with their implications for the future. Special attention is given to the soul of counseling, which is defined as a professional commitment to development. Counseling is not psychology, it is a specialized profession with a unique role in society.

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors describe a national, generic directory of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral internships for human service agencies. Internships are listed for the following types of human service agencies: community mental health, mental retardation, corrections, rehabilitation, and others. Each internship listing includes, by degree level, the following information: (a) number of internship positions available, (b) availability of stipends, (c) typical intern roles and functions emphasized and percentage of time spent in each, (d) length of internship, (e) major theoretical orientations of agency staff, and (f) prerequisite training and experiences. By degree level, the number of human services internship positions listed in the directory are as follows: bachelor's, 65; master's, 246; and doctoral, 163.

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Article, book, and dissertation entries in reference lists in one volume year for two counseling journals were searched for accuracy. Among 2,388 verified references (85.7% of all cited references), 1,072 (44.9%) contained at least one error. Multiple errors in some references produced a total of 1,643 faults or errors. Data were tallied by reference segments (e.g., author, title). Findings paralleled data in five reports of similar research, principally for medical journals, published in the 1970s. The nature and frequencies of deviations from the original source were such that only some of the errors could be explained as typographical. At least with reference list preparation, writers in the counseling field, as well as elsewhere, seem to be taking insufficient care in their scholarly writing.

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Of interest to counselor educators are variables associated with helper empathy. The authors investigated the relationship between empathy and moral development. Students enrolled in a facilitative skills development course completed a measure of moral development before making their first counseling audiotape. After approximately 12 weeks of skills training, they were subsequently rated for their demonstration of empathic understanding to client statements on an analog videotape and on a counseling audiotape made for their course evaluation. Empathy ratings of their responses to the analog videotape correlated .61 (p<.001) with moral development scores and .35 (p<.05) with supervisory empathy ratings of their final audiotape and moral development scores. Implications for counselor education are discussed.

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors examined the effects that supervisor's sex, amount of supervisory experience, and supervisory focus had on preferences for the referent, expert, and legitimate power bases. Supervisors from seven counseling center training programs (20 women, 36 men) rated the utility of responses reflecting each power base in enhancing the professional development of a female trainee. Results indicated that men preferred the referent power base to a greater extent than did women and that supervisors with relatively little experience preferred the referent power base to a greater extent than did supervisors with more experience. Supervisors who focused on trainee self‐awareness preferred the expert power base to a greater extent than did supervisors who focused on the trainees' conceptualization skills. Significant differences were not found in the preferences for the legitimate power base. Results were discussed in terms of differences between counseling and supervisory‐relationships and the characteristics of each power b

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author describes the Gerontological Counseling Grid (GCG), an instrument for exploring experienced counselors' awareness of and judgments about older adults. Derived from Kelly's Role Construct Repertory Test, the GCG is based on the personal construct theory of understanding the way individuals make judgments and order their environments. The GCG provides a meaningful way to determine how individuals organize their implicit attitudes toward and evaluations of older adult groups. Administration procedures are presented and a case analysis of a GCG completed by a counselor trainee is presented.

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY