摘要:

Sexual ambiguity in childhood can have a devastating effect on the family unit. Families need to have information given by concerned and knowledgeable health professionals. As health professionals we need to know what questions to ask and how to identify when families are experiencing difficulties in management and adjustment. This article presents one nurse's experience with a family and the problems and issues faced from the birth of the child and gender assignment through the subsequent reconstructive surgeries. Practical suggestions are given on how to lessen the stresses faced by the family.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009768

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The literature was reviewed to identify parents' reactions to pediatric critical care settings and interventions to facilitate parental adaptation. A number of descriptive accounts and several empirical studies indicated that crisis and mourning reactions occur. The literature suggested the following parental reactions to crisis: shock, high anxiety, fear, withdrawal, denial, and anger. Parental mourning was interpreted as grieving for loss of a healthy child. Parental behaviors varied from hesitancy to approach the bedside to touching and stroking the child. Specific parental stressors were identified and categorized as follows: sights and sounds, child's appearance, child's behavior and emotions, staff communication, staff behaviors, procedures, parental role alteration, and unmet parental needs. Interventions to facilitate parental adaptation were preparation for admission, communication, visitation, assessment, crisis intervention, and participation in care. None of the interventions was supported with empirical findings. There was consistency, however, between sources in their recommendations for interventions.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009769

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A major situational stressor experienced by parents is the serious illness of a family member, and perhaps no event is more stressful than the admission of a child to an intensive care unit (ICU). This study was designed to identify ICU environmental stressors experienced by parents when a child is admitted to a pediatric ICU and to examine possible differences in the perceived stress stimuli and the overall stress impact between mothers and fathers. Thirty-seven father-mother dyads whose children had recently been discharged from a pediatric ICU in one of four midwestern hospitals were subjects for the study. Data were collected using the Parental Stressor Scale: Pediatric ICU (PSS:PICU) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Findings suggest that mothers and fathers found the total ICU experience equally stressful. Mean State Anxiety scores were not significantly different for the two groups. In a comparison of mean scores on the seven dimensions of the PSS:PICU, mothers and fathers differed for the dimensions“Child's Behavior and Emotions”and Parental Role Alteration. Results suggest the need to prepare both parents for the child's behavioral changes and for their altered parental roles when a child is admitted to an ICU.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009770

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Play is a primary activity of childhood. It serves a variety of purposes that enhance both the physical growth and the psychosocial development of children. Just as the child's level of knowledge, social abilities, and physical capacities increase, so does the child's use of play. Knowledge of the therapeutic value of play is essential for pediatric nurses to incorporate it into their care plan to facilitate the child's adaptation to the illness and hospital experiences. The use of play during the hospital experience can be effective in reducing the child's anxiety and promoting a sense of mastery. This article explores these issues and provides selected clinical examples to illustrate how nurses can integrate therapeutic play experiences with the care of children.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009771

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Hughes Breastfeeding Support Scale, an instrument to measure emotional, instrumental, and informational support for breastfeeding mothers, has been developed by the investigator. A preliminary study to test reliability and face validity was conducted using 30 breastfeeding primiparae who delivered in 1982 and 1983 at a regional hospital in the southeastern United States. Findings from testing thus far using corrected split half reliability scores and alpha coefficients indicate moderately high internal consistency. Face validity is also present. Further work is planned to establish concurrent validity. The findings suggest that the Hughes Breastfeeding Support Scale (HBSS) may be a useful instrument for lactation research. A refined instrument with established reliability and validity might add to the body of knowledge on the relationship of support and lactation outcomes.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009772

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Parents of chronically ill children direct their efforts toward normalization. In other words, the parents strive to promote as normal a life as is possible for their sick children. Within this context, hospitalization can be a major disruptive force, particularly if health care professionals are oriented toward the management of acute, episodic illnesses. It is evident that parents of chronically ill children find their orientation toward normalization to be frequently disregarded within the hospital setting, which results in dissatisfaction with care. Clearly, it is important to understand the parental perspective as a foundation for negotiating mutually satisfying care. The issue centers on quality of life.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009773

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Parentmaking: A Practical Handbook for Teaching Parent Classes About Babies and Toddlers. 2nd edition by B. Annye Rothenberg, Sandra Hitchcock, Mary Lou Harrison, and Melinda Graham Banster Press, Menlo Park, Calif., 1983. Reviewed by Irene S. Pagel

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009774

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868409009767

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor