摘要:

The transition from adolescence to adulthood for many urban black youth today contains a number of formidable barriers and often results in a variety of adverse developmental and behavioral outcomes. Nurses and other health providers have an obligation to answer the urgent need for improvements in the health status of black adolescents. This paper reviews the current psychosocial functioning of black youth while emphasizing the disadvantaged social contexts in which most live, which place them at a higher risk for a variety of negative outcomes. Data concerning mental and social health indicators for black adolescents suggest (a) a negative mental health trajectory with high rates of depression, psychiatric hospitalization rates, and suicides, and (b) a poor social health status with alarming school dropout and juvenile delinquency rates, and chronic violence exposure, substance use, and teen pregnancy. An application of the stress-coping framework to black adolescents is suggested as a way to conceptualize the relationship between stress factors and their influence on development. Because this framework places much emphasis on environmental factors as causes for psychological distress, it provides a means to account for the differential incidence of mental and social illnesses among black adolescents. Nursing interventions related to stress and coping among black adolescents may serve to increase well-being and actualize health promotion. However, research efforts are needed to discover which strategies are used by black youth to cope with the stressful experiences faced in their daily lives. Findings could enhance the design, planning, and implementation of prevention and educational programs, making them more consistent with the unique needs of black adolescents.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078277

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Alcohol is the most used and abused addictive drug used by adolescents, making adolescent alcohol abuse a major social problem. Alcohol-related traffic fatalities continue to be the leading cause of death for 15–19-year-old youths. Factors that influence adolescents' decision to drink and drive include lack of reliable knowledge about alcohol and its effects, and lack of decision-making skills. Literature shows that promoting public awareness and education is a major method of prevention of alcohol abuse in its early stages. Nursing's goal is to help families to have a greater degree of intrafamily control and coping. Anticipatory guidance is an excellent method of empowering and educating families about alcohol facts, including risk factors, phases and consequences of usage, problem identification via information probes, and interventions that can be instituted early in a child's life to prevent adolescent alcohol-related problems.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078278

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many challenges related to the development and diagnosis of cancer are faced by adolescents with the disease. Adolescence is a developmental period for behaviors that risk health. The article describes behaviors that promote and risk health among adolescents who have been diagnosed with cancer. A paucity of studies exists on health-promoting and-risking behaviors among adolescents with cancer. Further studies are needed to explore and describe these adolescents' health-promoting and-risking behaviors. Health care professionals must comprehensively address these adolescents' health care needs related to the diagnosis of cancer as well as the developmental challenges of adolescence.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078279

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Primary nurses, case managers, and clinical nurse specialists in pediatric settings are continually providing care for chronically ill children. With our advancing medical knowledge and technology, the concept of chronically ill children has taken on an added dimension: technology-assisted living. Technology-dependent children pose the greatest challenge for discharge into the home environment. This article identifies the chronically ill technology-dependent child and family and their needs in order to develop a chronologic plan for a successful multidisciplinary discharge.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078280

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

As children and adults with developmental disabilities and special health care needs are integrated into home, school, and community life, nurses are being required to provide leadership, advocacy, and training in community settings to a much greater extent than in the past. To assess the school and community need for formal graduate preparation for nurses who work with individuals with developmental disabilities and/or special health care needs, 25 nurses in leadership positions representing urban and rural health agencies throughout Minnesota took part in a 5-hour focus group discussion. Analysis of data summarized from this process shows five features of the recommended curriculum necessary for advanced practitioners in this specialty area: (a) discipline-specific core competencies, (b) discipline-specific specialty competencies, (c) generic competencies not specific to nursing but necessary to function in nursing roles, (d) interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary learning experiences, and (e) clinical experiences with preceptors. The authors recommend the development of interdisciplinary graduate programs designed to prepare nurses to assume leadership roles in school health, public health, home health care, and systems management that will affect public policy and, ultimately, promote change in the systems charged with responsibility to serve this population.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078281

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nursing Interventions for Infants and Children: Martha Craft&Janice Denehy W. B. Sounders Company, Philadelphia, 1990

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078282

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869309078276

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor