摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-directed health promotion program in decreasing upper respiratory illness symptoms and injury rates in preschool children attending a Head Start (HS) program. The health promotion program presented to the Head Start staff consisted of signs and symptoms of childhood illnesses, infection control, injury prevention and first aid. The 47 children had their health evaluated by a registered nurse once per week for 4 weeks before the program and once per week for 4 weeks after the program. The children's health was evaluated using the Child Health Assessment Inventory. Symptoms of upper respiratory illness were significantly decreased after the intervention of the program. Injury rates increased, but further data analysis determined that 88% of the injuries had occurred at home.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026866

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many children are at risk for developing serious and costly health problems because they are not adequately immunized. This descriptive correlational study explored the relationship between social support, parental knowledge of vaccine-preventable diseases, and the immunization status of preschool children. A convenience sample of 153 parents and guardians of children aged 6 to 24 months completed Procidano and Heller's Perceived Social Support Scales, a questionnaire on immunization knowledge, and a demographics questionnaire. Data indicating completeness of immunizations were obtained from the children's health records. Point-biserial statistical analysis revealed a positive relationship between immunization status and social support (r =. 29;p=. 0003). This finding supports those of past studies that identified a positive relationship between social support and preventive health practices. No relationship was found between immunization status and parental knowledge of vaccine-preventable diseases. Assessment of social support can assist nurses in identifying children at risk for incomplete immunizations and in isolating potential reasons for the deficiency.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026867

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Social interactional theory posits that child behavior and parent behavior are interdependent. Interactions that encourage reciprocity and balanced turn-taking are considered most conducive to child communication development. Children who have impaired communication development often exhibit frustration and a variety of aberrant behaviors. These behaviors may be, at least in part, because of a breakdown or imbalance in parent-child turn-taking, a form of social reciprocity. Parent-child turn-taking was examined in children exhibiting a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including developmental delays and behavioral problems. Preadmission videotapes of 43 children and their parents (43 mothers and 21 fathers) were coded with respect to initiating and responding behaviors. Twenty-seven of the children were prelinguistic, and 16 were linguistic. An imbalance in parent-child reciprocity and turn-taking was noted in this sample: Parents initiated more frequently than children, and children responded to approximately half of parent initiations. There was a greater imbalance in prelinguistic children, evidenced by a significantly higher rate of mother initiating(p<. 01) and responding behaviors(p<. 08) as well as a significantly lower rate of child initiating behaviors(p<. 02). Implications for interventions focusing on the parent-child dyad and including fathers are discussed, as well as directions for further research.This study demonstrated an imbalance in parent-child turn-taking and reciprocity behaviors in a child neuropsychiatric population consisting of children with a variety of developmental delays. There was a greater imbalance, as evidenced by a significantly higher rate of initiating behaviors in parents, and a significantly lower rate of initiating by children, between prelinguistic children and their parents. A variety of evidence suggests that interventions that act to promote increased reciprocity result in increased balance in the parent-child dyad, promote language and social development in the child, and increase parental satisfaction. Most intervention programs focus on the mother, but interventions that focus on both parents or caretakers are needed.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026868

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This descriptive study examined specific types of social support that mothers of preterm infants expected before, and received after, their infant's hospital discharge. The convenience sample consisted of 37 mothers of hospitalized preterm infants. The Postpartum Support Questionnaire, developed as a measure of perceived support specific to the postpartum situation, was used. The women found that material, emotional, and comparison support were more important than they had expected prior to bringing their infants home from the hospital. In addition, the women received less than they had expected of all types of support except comparison. In view of the results, mothers of preterm infants should be assisted in identifying individuals in their environments who can best meet their specific needs. In addition, maternity and pediatric nurses need to be involved in the follow-up care of these women and their infants.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026869

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pediatric health care providers are concerned with the physical health, growth, and development of youth. The U.S. Public Health Service has recommended that children's mental status be reviewed during routine assessments, and the promotion of mental health is one of the priorities set byHealthy People 2000Pediatric nurses must be able to assess mental status, including depression, in children and adolescents, and to identify pathology early. This paper presents an overview of depression, historical perspectives, risk factors, a developmental approach to assessment, common treatment regimens, and nursing implications for this mental health concern in children and adolescents.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026870

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pathways To Peace, Forty Steps To A Less Violent AmericaTesuque, New Mexico: Heartsongs Publications, 242 pages, 1996, 15.00

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026871

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869609026865

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor