摘要:

Since Bowlby's identification of separation anxiety in young children, much knowledge has been gained about children and families in their adaptation to hospitalization. Attitudes of children, parents, and staff play a vital role in adjustment to a hospital experience. At St. Vincent Hospital in Billings, Montana, a Pediatric parent/staff project was carried out over a period of approximately 2 years. These objectives were identified and all were met, to some degree 1) to increase pediatric staff's awareness of the needs of parents of hospitalized children, 2) to increase the staff's effectiveness in helping parents and hospitalized children, and 3) to increase parents' positive feelings about their child's nursing care. Staff participated in identifying, planning, and implementing strategies for helping parents to help their children cope with the threats of hospitalization. This research and other studies, before and after, have contributed to a knowledge base about the kinds of nursing intervention that will facilitate normal growth and development and foster positive coping for the hospitalized child and family. Research efforts now must turn to the questions of why these interventions are not being implemented and how this research base can be utilized in the day-to-day pediatric hospital environment. Pediatric nurses must be child/family advocates. To ensure humane care, they must be organized and accountable for their own efforts toward the implementation of the research base that is already in existence.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106342

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Seizures are, common neurological disorders that occur in children of all ages, and approximately 5 to 10 percent of epileptic children will have at least one episode of status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is a life-threatening situation. Treatment is directed at life support, stopping the seizure, and discovering the cause of the status epilepticus. A practical approach to the nursing management of the child in status epilepticus is discussed.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106343

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Parental perceptions of the manner in which the family was supported at the time of the death of their newborn were examined in an effort to evaluate common practices and to increase emotional support offered the family. Parents were asked about contacts with the baby prior to and after their baby died, helpfulness of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff during the newborn's hospitalization, and other questions regarding funerals, family support, arid contact with the hospital after the baby died. Results indicate substantial differences in comparing maternal and paternal responses. Where indicated by parental responses, changes have been incorporated in an effort to further assist the family at this most difficult time.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106344

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated immune complex disorder most commonly occurring in women of childbearing years and often diagnosed during adolescence. This article focuses on the female adolescent with SLE.‘The epidemiology, etiology, immunology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease are reviewed. The possible effects of SLE on three components of adolescent development are examined: the development of body-image, the establishment of independence and future goals, and identity formation. The suggestion is made to educate the adolescent and her family about the disease, including immunology, symptoms, preventive measures. and treatment.I wish to acknowledge Barbara Brodie, Jane Baht, and Carolyn M. Brunner, all of the University of Virginia for their guidance and help in the preparation of this article.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106345

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Knowledge of the various components of the breast-feeding process provides the basis for a professional nurse to furnish a mother with the breast-feeding knowledge and the emotional support that she needs to progress successfully through her pregnancy, her delivery, and her postpartum period. The breastfeeding components selected for explanation in this article were chosen because they are the ones most commonly discussed in the literature as being important to the overall well-being of the mother-infant dyad. The breastfeeding components selected include nipple care, psychophysiological aspects, positioning, timing, suckling, nutrition, components of breast milk, saving breast milk, leakage, weaning, and sexuality.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106346

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper explores theories of pain and relates those theories to the pediatric population. Early childhood development involves gradual myelination of peripheral nerve fibers and the maturation of higher cortical functions. Children perceive, respond to, and remember pain. Their early, preverbal pain experiences most probably are a great influence on adult evaluative-cognitive pain processing.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106347

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper attempts to provide a few guidelines of use to the nurse in assessing the pain experience in children inasmuch as there still exists a paucity of literature on the assessment and management of pain in children. The study of pain is of great relevance to the pediatric nurse, who must understand the different variables that affect the perception and expression of pain in children in order to be able to intervene appropriately. Information pertinent to the assessment of pain using developmental, psychologic, and cultural variables has here been presented. In addition, assessment tools that have been developed and tested on children have been listed and discussed. The intent is to sensitize pediatric nurses to the variables involved in the care of children in pain and to encourage them to examine the multitude of research questions that need answering. Only when these questions have been answered scientifically can we begin to solve some of the mysteries of pain in children.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106348

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This exploratory study examined children's self-assessment of the pain experience. Using a 10-cm scale, children rated the severity of their pain and the ratings were related to physiologic parameters; body, facial, and vocal indicators of pain; and word descriptions of pain while controlling for the effects of current medications. Both the magnitude of x2values and the measures of association supported the validity of the pain scale as an indicator of the distress level of the children.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106349

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A total of 214 children, 9–12 years of age, 100 hospitalized and 114 in school, participated in a study to describe their experience with pain. The children were asked to report what made them feel better when they had pain; 182 were able to identify at least one approach they used to cope with pain. Findings indicated that children could identify a variety of strategies for coping with pain. Girls more than boys and the school more than the hospitalized children reported a larger number and variety. There were also marked differences in the categories of coping strategies between the hospitalized and non-hospitalized and between boys and girls.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106350

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two separate nursing interventions on the amount of pain experienced by prekindergarten children with a routine DPT immunization. A 2×2 factorial design was used in the study to test the two nursing interventions. One half the children had the skin coolant Frigiderm sprayed on the injection site immediately prior to the injection while the other half had aerosol air sprayed on their leg immediately prior to the injection. The second intervention attempted to alter the processing and interpretation of the injection pain by giving cognitive information. The sample consisted of 20 male and 20 female children between the ages of 4 years 9 months and 5 years 9 months. The mean amount of pain expressed by the children who received Frigiderm was 1.85, and the mean amount of pain for the aerosol air was 2.55. The mean amount of pain expressed when cognitive information was given was 2.10 compared to the no cognitive information group mean of 2.30. Although the sample size is small, it appears that the amount of pain experienced with routine immunizations can be decreased by using Frigiderm and cognitive information. Expanded use of both interventions to include children undergoing bone marrow aspiration, venipuncture, lumbar punctures, and other types of injections is indicated.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460868109106351

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor