摘要:

During the past year, the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial became available. This event is expected to influence all future diabetes eye disease research. For this reason, this article starts with a discussion of these results.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Significant advances were reported this year in the identification of the chromosomal location of mutated genes on the 13 and 6 chromosomes which cause forms of autosomal dominant Stargardt's macular dystrophy. Observations in monozygotic twins with age-related macular dystrophy were described. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in Cubans with optic and peripheral neuropathy were reported. A new autosomal dominant proximal myotonic myopathy was described. Persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis was suggested as a helpful sign of congenital myotonic dystrophy. The panoply of ocular findings in acromesomelic dysplasia were presented. Genetic characterization of the ocular findings in Duchenne type and Becker's muscular dystrophy was reported. Finally, a new syndrome of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with retinal degeneration was described.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Major advances in the molecular basis of oculocutaneous and ocular albinism have been published. In addition to mutations of thePgene, some patients, with so-called autosomal recessive ocular albinism, were found to have a tyrosinase gene mutation in one allele and a nucleotide substitution of the same gene, which was considered as a polymorphism, in another allele. This finding has great impact on the diagnosis and genetic counseling of albinism. Flash visually evoked potentials may be a useful tool to show the asymmetry pattern in albino patients especially in infants. Some reports suggested that there may be an overlap between corneal amyloidosis and other forms of corneal dystrophy. Lattice dystrophy, granular dystrophy, and Avellino (granular-lattice) dystrophy were mapped on the same locus of chromosome 5q. Histopathologic findings supported that these different phenotypes were derived from defects of the same gene. Gelatinous droplike dystrophy and spheroidal band-shaped degeneration were also suggested to be allelic disorders by clinical and histopathological findings.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

AIDS causes severe depression of the immune system through selective infection of CD4+T lymphocytes. As such, certain infections and neoplasms occur in these patients often with ocular involvement Among these, cytomegalovirus retinitis is by far the most common and remains a leading cause of visual loss. Intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet, the two Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for cytomegalovirus retinitis, are effective in most cases, but recurrences are the rule. In addition, these virustatic drugs require lifelong administration and dose-limiting toxicity affects many of these patients. Ongoing investigation into current and alternative therapies has produced some promising developments which are discussed here. Also reviewed are recent findings associated with other opportunistic pathogens and neoplasms that affect the eye in AIDS, including varicella-zoster virus,Toxoplasma gondii, and lymphoma.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with various systemic infections can often be diagnosed on the basisof their presentingocularsignsand symptoms. Recognition of the ocular manifestations of systemic infections will expedite diagnosis and allow rapid institution of appropriate therapy thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. Recent literature discussing ophthalmologic findings in the following diseases are reviewed: Whipple's disease, endogenous endophthalmitis, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, and hepatitis C.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Further exploration of ocular manifestations in systemic immunologic and inflammatory disease continues to yield new information regarding the genetic associations, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders. The use of color Doppler ultrasound to diagnose giant cell arteritis is reported to be of diagnostic promise. The prognosis of scleritis associated with systemic immunologic and inflammatory disease is recently highlighted in two articles. The treatment of scleritis and uveitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease is reviewed. Two reports of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in monozygotic twins provide further understanding of the genetic factors involved in this disease. Unusual presentations of sarcoidosis and Wegener's granulomatosis are also reported.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past year, there has been increased understanding of the ocular manifestations of various cardiovascular and hematologic disorders. Carotid and vertebral artery lesions may lead to significant and varied ophthalmic pathology. Disorders of blood pressure may influence the intraocular pressure and play a role in the progression of glaucoma. Cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, may also play a role in the development of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Several cardiac anomalies as well as the cardiac use of streptokinase have been reported to have secondary ocular involvement. Both benign and malignant hematologic disorders may result in serious ocular morbidity. Recent publications have focused on the secondary ophthalmic complications from the hemoglobinopathies, problems with blood viscosity, the lymphomas, the leukemias, and bone marrow transplantation.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Transsphenoidal encephalocele is associated with tongue-shaped retinochoroidal coloboma and optic disc dysplasia. Non-Craves' orbital polymyositis is associated with giant cell myocarditis. Ocular embolic disease can result from papillary fibroelastoma of the heart. Cutaneous melanoma can metastasize to the eye in the form of intraocular pigment without a discrete mass leading to heterochromia, glaucoma, and visual loss. Patients with atopic dermatitis are prone to develop retinal detachment similar in configuration to traumatic retinal detachment. The retinal hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis are usually stable, but occasionally the hamartomas show new or increased calcification, and rarely new lesions appear de novo.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this review of recent articles on ocular toxicology, the author concentrates on undesirable effects on the eye induced by systemically used xenobiotics. These effects include increased tear flow elicited by systemic cyclosporine; uveitis associated with inactivated influenza vaccine, intravenous immunoglobulins, or skin tattoos; iritis associated with intravenous streptokinase; corneal epithelial erosion associated with the use of an alcohol-based antimisting spray; decreased color vision associated with workplace exposure to perchloroethylene, or to digoxin; myocardial ischemia induced by topical atropine; and systemic exposure to cyclopentolate after topical instillation. Ocular irritation associated with systemic use of 5-fluorouracil may be attenuated with prophylactic ice packs. At doses evaludied for treatment of choroidal neovascularization, systemic a interferon leads to toxicity in multiple organ systems. Promethazine precipitates when injected into intravenous lines with fluorescein. No drug achieves ultimate efficacy or ultimate safety. Thus, the decision to employ a given therapy involves a physician's evaluation of its therapeutic index—the ratio between efficacy and toxicity.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID