摘要:

In many parts of the world, parasitic infections of the eye are a major cause of blindness. The parasitesToxocara canis,Onchocerca volvulus,Taenia solium,Ancylostoma caninum, andCysticercus celulosaeall have been responsible for blinding ocular infections. The nematodesT. canisandToxocara catiare parasitic roundworms that infect dogs (toxocarosis), other canidae, and cats. Ocular toxocariasis is an uncommon worldwide infection caused by the nematode larvae ofT. canis, commonly found in dogs. Human transmission is usually via geophagia, the ingestion of food contaminated withToxocaraeggs, or contact with infected puppies, often resulting in devastating ocular or systemic effects. Ocular toxocariasis is typically a monocular disease of young children, and its clinical findings include posterior and peripheral retinochoroiditis, optic papillitis, and endophthalmitis. The inflammatory response created by ocular involvement may result in epiretinal membrane formation, traction retinal detachment, and combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis is another ocular parasitic infection that usually results in severe visual loss. Evidence suggests that diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis is caused by a solitary unidentified nematode of two different sizes, but to date, only a small number of nematodes have been recovered from eyes affected with the infection. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis occasionally can affect the fellow eye.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes, most often transient in nature, though occasionally permanent. It can be associated with development of new conditions, or can exacerbate pre-existing conditions. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be divided into physiologic changes, pathologic conditions or modifications of pre-existing conditions. Pathologic conditions include entities such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, along with conditions that are seen with increased frequency during pregnancy such as central serous retinopathy. The most significant modified pre-existing condition is diabetes mellitus. The various effects of pregnancy on the eye will be reviewed in this article.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Endogenous endophthalmitis still presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge even with improvements in therapeutic modalities. The main prognostic factor is the virulence of the causative organism: once the organism enters the eye, it rapidly destroys ocular tissues. With the increasing ability to prolong the life of very ill patients, incidence of endogenous endophthalmitis is expected to increase. Ophthalmologists must be ever more vigilant, because prompt treatment offers the best chance of saving the eye.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Inflammation of the episclera and sclera still represents a diagnostic challenge. Many of these presentations are idiopathic and are managed empirically with the use of anti-inflammatory therapy, usually with a satisfactory response. However, some cases will have a more aggressive nature or will show resistance to conventional therapy, and those potentially are connected to an infectious or underlying disease. In such cases, there is an increased risk of visual loss and severe systemic complications requiring intensive investigations and aggressive therapy. The diseases more commonly associated with these conditions, especially with scleritis, are the connective tissue disorders and systemic vasculitis, but systemic infections and malignancies also must be excluded. Management depends on the specific diagnosis, and every year a new list of potential associations or atypical presentations is reported. For a successful outcome, it is important that these presentations are recognized.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID