摘要:

&NA;Diabetes‐related eye disease and thyroid‐related eye disease influence all aspects of the visual system. The reviewed reports demonstrate the role of glycosylated hemoglobin in the development of diabetic eye problems. Proliferative neovascular retinopathy remains the leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients, and a new experimental animal model for this has been found. The enzyme, aldose reductase, appears to participate in the development of retinopathy; enzyme inhibitory agents are reported that may be used for future preventive therapies. There are societal benefits associated with the prevention of diabetic eye disorders,eg, screening programs for the at‐risk populations are examined in several studies. Thyroid‐related eye disease has features in common with autoimmune phenomena. Immunoglobin analyses are described for diagnostic assistance and choice of therapy. Several treatment modalities are associated with significant long‐term complications, and such therapy is reexamined.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:66‐74

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Important advances were recently reported in mitochondrial diseases including Leber's optic neuropathy, Kearns‐Sayre syndrome, and myo‐neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome, combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, Hallermann‐Streiff syndrome, Norrie's disease, von Hippel‐Lindau disease, incontinentia pigmenti, and lattice corneal dystrophy type 2. Topics discussed include a general overview of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial‐derived inheritance, phenotypic mutational variations in patients with Leber's optic neuropathy, detection of platelet mitochondrial DNA deletions in patients with Kearns‐Sayre syndrome, and ophthalmic involvement in the myo‐neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome. The suspected association between combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium and epiretinal membranes with neurofibromatosis type 2 is discussed, as is the similarity between Hallermann‐Streiff syndrome and oculodento‐digital dysplasia. Use of restriction fragment‐length polymorphisms to attain the prenatal diagnosis of Norrie's disease and the postnatal identification of at‐risk individuals in families in which von Hippel‐Lindau disease is segregating is presented, and an unusual case of incontinentia pigmenti in a man with Klinefelter's syndrome is described. Finally, a group of patients with lattice corneal dystrophy type 2 in whom a gelsolin gene mutation was identified is presented.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:75‐82

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Articles published between October 1991 and September 1992 on the ocular manifestations of metabolic diseases are reviewed. Articles of special interest include a study that shows that compliance to a low‐arginine diet in affected siblings with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina dramatically slows the progression of the chorioretinal dystrophy. The efficacy of cysteamine topical eye drops in the treatment of corneal crystals in patients with nephropathic cystinosis was described in a case report from Germany confirming the previous report of a clinical trial. The ophthalmic findings in 33 patients with classic galactosemia were reviewed. Sequential electroretinograms in two siblings with Batten's disease are described and help confirm that the primary lesion is in the inner retinal layers. And finally, clinical and histopathological studies of two families with lattice corneal dystrophy and type IV amyloidotic polyneuropathy (Meretoja syndrome) are presented.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:83‐88

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;New findings continue to appear in the study of the eyes of AIDS patients. Distrubances in color vision and contrast threshold have been noted. Central retinal vein occlusion has been reported. Retrobulbar optic neuropathy is another new finding. Cytomegalovirus continues to be the most common infectious problem in the eye. Other viruses of the herpes family such as varicella‐zoster virus produce a rapidly progressive retinitis resembling the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Protozoa such as toxoplasmosis andPneumocystis carinii, cryptococcusand histoplasma among the fungi, and syphilis among the bacteria round out the microbes that are reviewed. Non‐Hodgkins, large‐cell lymphoma is another entity that can cause retinal or vitreal involvement. In the anterior segment, Kaposi's sarcoma of the eyelids and conjunctiva, herpes simplex blepharitis, and keratitis and molluscum contagiosum of the eyelids are three very common entities. New problems have been reported and include microsporidial and cryptococcal infections of the anterior segment and non‐Hodgkins lymphoma of the orbit.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:89‐99

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Increased awareness of ocular involvement in systemic infection will enable ophthalmologists to provide early detection of disease. With the rising prevalence of infectious illnesses, new and classic ocular presentations of these diseases are reported. This article discusses the latest ophthalmic findings in Lyme disease, Hansen's disease, fungal infection in immunocompetent hosts, toxoplasmosis, acne rosacea, and tuberculosis.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:100‐105

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;New insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of immunologic and inflammatory ocular disease has emerged. Although many of these diseases continue to be an etiological enigma, recent investigation has provided important clues toward solving years of mystery. Antiphospholipid antibodies have been implicated in vasoocclusive events. A gene candidate responsible for susceptibility to Behcet's disease has been suggested. Unusual manifestations of giant cell arteritis, sarcoidosis, and Wegener's granulomatosis are reported. In ocular allergy, the pathophysiologic role of mast cells in atopic keratoconjunctivitis and eosinophils in vernal corneal ulcers are presented. A quantitative scoring system for grading the severity of scleritis and treatment response is described. A T‐cell abnormality possibly specific to primary sjÖgren's syndrome is discovered.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:106‐112

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The past year's important publications on the ocular manifestations of cardiovascular and hematologic diseases are reviewed. Hypertension and carotid occlusive disease are two commonly observed maladies that lead to a broad spectrum of ocular disease. Several cardiac anomalies have been reported to have secondary ocular involvement, underscoring the importance of a thorough systemic work‐up when evaluating patients with atypical presentations of ocular pathology. The increasing prevalence of heart‐lung organ transplantation has expanded the list of reported ocular complications. The hematologic disorders are subdivided into abnormalities of the leukocytes, red cells, platelets, and defects in the plasma and coagulation proteins. Although their ocular characteristics are heterogeneous and sometimes uncommon, their involvement may represent critical systemic abnormalities, and result in serious ocular morbidity.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:113‐119

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Bilateral iridescent lens opacities have 100% specificity for the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy. All patients at risk of developing familial adenomatous polyposis and who have four or more retinal pigment epithelial lesions should undergo annual sigmoidoscopic examinations beginning before 10 years of age. Chemotherapy alone can cause regression of metastatic choroidal breast carcinoma in carcinomas with high estrogen‐receptor titers. Ocular melanoma and retinoblastoma account for approximately 80% of secondary tumors of the optic nerve. Cicatrizing conjunctivitis with bullous mucocutaneous lesions can be the initial presentations of an occult malignancy. Precursors of angioid streaks in pseudoxanthoma elasticum include peau d'orange fundus appearance and optic disc drusen.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:120‐124

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This review of recent articles on ocular toxicology is concentrated on undesirable effects on the eye induced by systemically used xenobiotics. These xenobiotics include the therapeutic categories of autonomic agents (ipratropium bromide), corticosteroids (dexamethasone and prednisone), and chemotherapeutic agents (hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, vincristine sulfate, quinine sulfate, chlorambucil, ethambutol HCI, tamoxifen citrate, and gentamicin sulfate). Also discussed are systemically administered antiglaucoma agents (betaxolol hydrochloride, timolol, and acetazolamide), drugs of abuse (cocaine, methamphetamine, and alcohol), deferoxamine, and neuro‐muscular blocking agents used during anesthesia (succinylcholine chloride, d‐tubocurarine chloride, and vecuronium bromide). In the area of prophylactic treatment for ocular toxicity, there were two case reports of intravenous nitrates preventing quinine toxicity, and animal studies reporting platelet aggregating factor antagonists preventing vincristine sulfate‐induced or chloroquine‐induced retinal toxicity. The advantages and disadvantages of anecdotal case reports, retrospective studies, and prospective studies also are discussed.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:125‐128

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID