ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Retinal hemorrhages are the most common fundus finding in the shaken baby syndrome. They vary in type and location; no particular type is pathognomonic for the condition. Retinal hemorrhages are not needed to make a diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome. However, in a child under age 3 years, the presence of extensive bilateral retinal hemorrhages raises a very strong possibility of abuse, which must be investigated. The other possible causes for hemorrhages in this age child can be investigated and eliminated. The diagnosis of abuse should be made by someone particularly trained in this area, who can put together the entire picture of inadequate or changing history, fractures of various ages, particularly rib fractures, subdural hematoma of the brain, and retinal hemorrhages. Photographs of retinal hemorrhages are very helpful to child advocacy experts who take these cases to court.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding condition that afflicts preterm infants in the neonatal period. Although advances in scleral buckling and vitrectomy techniques offer hope for those infants suffering from stage 4 or 5 ROP, prevention of progression to these stages offers the most promise for favorable structural and visual outcomes. Proper screening for threshold ROP and treatment with peripheral retinal ablation are the keys to successfully managing ROP. Technological advances in screening tools and portable diode lasers enable ophthalmologists to provide prompt, effective, and safe treatment for patients with threshold ROP.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Traditional techniques for managing uncomplicated macula-sparing rhegmatogenous retinal detachments include scleral buckling and pneumatic retinopexy. Demarcation laser photocoagulation is associated with less morbidity than these techniques and may be equally as effective in stabilizing selected macula-sparing retinal detachments.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent studies of cataract surgery in diabetes confirm retinopathy severity and macular edema as the principal determinants of postoperative visual acuity, and link improved visual outcomes to the shift from conservative management toward earlier surgical intervention.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is an uncommon but serious complication of pars plana vitrectomy that can be associated with a guarded visual prognosis. Risk factors for development of suprachoroidal hemorrhage during pars plana vitrectomy include high myopia, history of previous retinal detachment surgery, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, use of cryotherapy, scleral buckling at the time of pars plana vitrectomy, external drainage of the subretinal fluid, intraoperative systemic hypertension, and bucking during general anesthesia. In eyes with suprachoroidal hemorrhage during pars plana vitrectomy, the final visual and anatomic outcomes may be compromised by persistent retinal detachment, secondary glaucoma, and ocular hypotony. In most cases, intraoperative drainage of suprachoroidal hemorrhage is not associated with a better outcome. The prognosis is more favorable if the suprachoroidal hemorrhage is localized and does not extend in to the posterior pole.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Paintball sport-related ocular injuries represent an increasing problem as the popularity of the sport increases and the number of participants grows. Although eye protective devices designed specifically for paintball sports are extremely effective in preventing such injuries, the failure to properly wear these devices has resulted in an alarming number of severe ocular injuries. Recent trends have indicated that an increasing percentage of paintball sport-related ocular injuries have occurred in unsupervised, noncommercial settings (ie, backyard games) where the use of eye protective devices is not required. Paintball industry standards for eye protection have recently been developed and should be implemented for all participants.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Acute retinal necrosis has been described as a clinical entity for nearly 30 years. Acute retinal necrosis is a potentially visually devastating necrotizing vaso-occlusive retinitis affecting both healthy and immunocompromised patients. Acute retinal necrosis is caused by the herpes group of viruses, mainly varicella zoster, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, and, rarely, cytomegalovirus. Recently, polymerase chain reaction techniques have enabled detection of very small amounts of viral DNA from intra-ocular fluid samples. This can help in both the diagnosis of atypical cases of retinitis and uveitis and directing treatment in cases of acute retinal necrosis.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many patients require surgery for cataract after retinal surgery. When evaluating patients preoperatively, the surgeon should pay careful attention to the assessment of visual function and potential acuity, and to the slit lamp examination of the lens, posterior capsule, anterior cortical vitreous, and zonules. The surgeon's technique must account for increased nuclear sclerosis, intraoperative miosis, a characteristically longer axial length, and fluctuations in anterior chamber depth from movement of the iris-lens diaphragm. Posterior capsule plaques are not unusual. Posterior capsule opacification is the most frequent late complication. Visual outcomes are usually good except when limited by pre-existing macular pathology. Vision-threatening complications of cataract surgery are unusual.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID