ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pupillomotor and visual sensitivity were compared at the same 76 points across the 30° field. The timing and amplitude of pupillary contractions to focal light stimuli were recorded using a computerized infrared pupillometer linked to a Humphrey automated perimeter. Pupil perimetry and standard threshold perimetry showed matching defects in the visual field of patients with ischemic and compressive optic neuropathy, but not in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients with isolated occipital strokes showed matching homonymous visual and pupillary fields, suggesting a suprageniculate influence upon the pupillary light reflex. Pupil perimetry is a useful objective form of perimetry and can be used to compare the effect of disease on the visual and pupillary pathways.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Acute optic neuropathies resulting from either ischemia or nonpenetrating trauma have traditionally been considered untreatable problems. Recent clinical series involving both entities, however, have introduced the prospects of new surgical techniques and medical modalities, which may offer treatment possibilities for certain patients. Consensus is lacking, however, and dogmatism hinders the debate.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The most significant study pertaining to the management of demyelinating optic neuritis is the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. For the first time, ample data from a well-done study is presented to guide the clinician in the decision to offer intravenous methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, or observation alone. The evidence supports the abandonment of prednisone therapy for typical demyelinating optic neuritis. Methylprednisolone therapy accelerates visual recovery when visual acuity is 20/40 or worse and lessens loss of vision at 6 months in those patients who present with 20/200 vision or worse. This study also indicates that commonly used laboratory evaluations of demyelinating optic neuritis may be deferred. Many pedigrees of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy have presented without the usual positive family history or typical fundus findings. Biotinidase deficiency has been identified as a treatable form of hereditary optic atrophy that is accompanied by spastic paresis.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Computerization has played a key role in recent advances of clinical psychophysical techniques, especially perimetry. The development of automated testing procedures with extensive statistical analysis has provided new means to evaluate visual function, such as differential light sensitivity threshold perimetry. New automated instruments are becoming available to clinicians for spatial resolution perimetry, white-noise field campimetry, and automated color vision testing. Recent works related to visual field assessment in neuro-ophthalmology will be discussed, and selected data on visual function in optic neuritis and idiopathic intracranial hypertension will be emphasized.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For research purposes, the nomenclature and case definitions for human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated neurologic conditions were defined. A number of case reports, using magnetic resonance imaging, have facilitated understanding of the brain lesions responsible for hemifacial spasm and neuro-Behçet's disease. Botulinum toxin produces no persistent changes in eyelid muscle fibers but produces persistent changes in motor axons. Advances have been made in the study of treatment options. Carotid endarterectomy is effective in preventing stroke in patients with high-grade stenosis (70° to 99°). Repeat thymectomy improves the course of chronic refractory myasthenia gravis. Nitroglycerin may be effective for bilateral central retinal artery occlusion caused by giant cell arteritis. A number of drug toxicities causing neuro-ophthalmologic complications were reported in the past year.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An enormous number of important clinical and experimental papers on eye movement disorders has been published during the last year, including the excellent review on the entire field by Leigh and Zee (InThe Neurology of Eye Movements, 2nd ed. FA Davis Company, 1991). Particularly, our knowledge of cortical control of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements has been enlarged by well-defined lesion studies, with paradigms being appropriate for the assessment of cortical function. Results largely confirmed current models based on primate experiments. Oculographic assessment of subclinical oculomotor symptoms contributed to early diagnosis of systemic diseases. Furthermore, case reports on circumscribed, neuroradiologically documented brainstem lesions have provided new insight in the functional neuroanatomy of the ocular motor nuclei and fascicles, and of supranuclear structures, such as the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and the neural pathways controlling the vertical and torsional vestibulo-ocular reflex and the contribution of the otoliths. A few interesting aspects of therapy were published, including elaborate studies on the adaptive and regenerative capacities of the ocular motor system.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging has provided many advances in the field of neuro-ophthalmology. Refinements in magnetic resonance imaging allow excellent evaluation of the brainstem, cranial nerves, and sellar and suprasellar regions. Gadopentetic acid enhancement allows identification of subtle lesions, which may not otherwise alter morphology, as this agent may cross an abnormal blood-brain barrier. This year I have focused on imaging advances in evaluation of optic gliomas, radionecrosis of the optic nerves and chiasm, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and facial pain and hemifacial spasm.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A myriad of imaging modalities now exists to aid in the diagnosis of orbital disease. Most of the recent advances in orbital diagnosis are based on refinements of established techniques, although several represent the application of new technology. Invasive techniques, such as orbital arteriography and venography, have been supplanted with computed tomography, which has become the mainstay of orbital diagnosis. The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of orbital pathology has also increased. Color Doppler, a recent development in ultrasonography, has now been applied to the eye and orbit.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID