ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review highlights recent advances related to diagnosis, clinical course, and management of nonglaucomatous optic neuropathies. Optic nerve disorders of particular interest and importance are emphasized, including ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, HIV-related infection, neoplastic disease, and pseudotumor cerebri

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Retinal ganglion cell death is the final common pathway of all human optic neuropathies. An understanding of how these cells die, either at the cell body or after axonal injury, may allow development of strategies for rescuing these cells and therefore ameliorating optic nerve disease.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with carotid artery disease may present with monocular, ipsilateral ocular symptoms, and signs that can herald a devastating stroke. Asymptomatic retinal emboli, transient monocular visual loss, and central retinal artery occlusion are the most common. Venous stasis retinopathy and ocular ischemic syndrome are associated with severe hypoperfusion of the eye and usually reflect severe carotid occlusive disease. Embolic ischemic optic neuropathies and compression of the intracranial optic nerve by supraclinoid carotid arteries remain debated. Third-order Homer's syndrome and eye pain are common in carotid artery disease, particularly carotid dissection; carotid artery disease, however, is an uncommon cause of ocular motor nerve palsy. Several recent publications have highlighted the prognosis and management of patients with carotid artery occlusive disease, and have emphasized the role of the ophthalmologist in early diagnosis and prevention of further cerebral and systemic complications.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of eyelids is to provide maximal protection to the eyeball without interfering with vision. To accomplish this purpose, an intricate neural network coordinates the lid and eye movements. The lid-eye synkinesis is ultimately based on common innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) and the superior rectus muscles. The LPS is variously affected in numerous neurologic disorders. Because the eyelids are readily accessible for inspection, and because they conform to the fundamental laws of neurophysiology, different syndromes of eyelid dysfunction are of great value in topologic diagnosis.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA may cause disorders of neuro-ophthalmic significance. These include disorders of the optic nerve, such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Kjer-type optic atrophy, and disorders of ocular motility, such as congenital nystagmus, autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. In addition to more accurate disease classification and diagnosis, identification of genetic loci, genes, and their mutations has stimulated investigation into factors influencing disease expression and penetrance.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The disorder known as orbital pseudotumor and its related syndromes of myositis and dacryoadenitis continue to be a source of controversy in terms of histopathologic classification and approach to diagnosis and management. This review references recent papers regarding these issues.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinical manifestations of ocular motor palsies may differ according to the type and the localization of the lesions involving the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. Topical diagnosis of the third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies is therefore required before imaging studies and workup are performed. The development of modern imaging techniques has significantly improved the diagnosis of the disorders affecting the ocular motor nerves. This review covers the most important aspects, in terms of clinical signs and symptoms and differential diagnoses, of these cranial nerve palsies. The more recently published articles have added new disorders to the differential diagnosis of ocular motor palsy. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been confirmed to be the most important diagnostic tool in most cases. Finally, recently developed MRI techniques were presented and demonstrated to be more sensitive than conventional MRI in several cases.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pathology techniques developed over the past decade may be successfully applied to the diagnosis of orbital disease. Tissue specimens may be immunophenotyped by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining provides a qualitative analysis of localization of antigenic determinants and flow cytometry provides a quantitative analysis. The molecular biologic technique of polymerase chain reaction enables detection of minute amounts of material by amplification from DNA primers. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is an alternative to open biopsy in select cases. The most important concept regarding these techniques is communication with the ophthalmic pathologist regarding the collection and interpretation of the specimen.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID