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1. |
GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLES |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 98-100
JACKIE WOLFE‐KEDDIE,
EVELYN PETERS,
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ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00404.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
OBTAINING AN UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE: WENDABAN STEWARDSHIP AUTHORITY |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 101-111
JEREMY J. SHUTE,
DAVID B. KNIGHT,
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摘要:
A method for obtaining an understanding of people's environmental knowledge and values and the major findings are discussed. A participatory mental mapping exercise method was used with the Teme‐Augama Anishnabai and non‐indigenous, government‐appointed members of the Wendaban Stewardship Authority in Temagami, Ontario. Analytical categories were permitted to ‘emerge’ from the data obtained, rather than being imposed by the researchers. The findings demonstrate that the Teme‐Augama Anishnabai perceive the land in a more complex, more detailed way than do the non‐indigenous people. Both groups, however, are concerned with maintaining the quality of the environment in which they live, but there are differing bases for such concerns0Une mëthode est présentée id pour la compréhension des valeurs et des connaissances qu'ont les peuples sur leur environnement. Les principales observations sont également présentées. On a demandéà des Teme‐Augama Anishnabai et à des membres non‐indigénes de la « Wendaban Stewardship Authority de Témagami, en Ontario, de participer à un exercice oú Us dressaient des cartes de mémoire. Les recherchistes ont permis »ľémergence de catégories analytiques à partir des données obtenues, plutôt que ?imposer ces catégories. Les observations indiquent que les Teme‐Augama Anishnabai perçoivent la terre de maniére plus complexe et plus détaillée que ne le font les non‐indigénes. Par ailleurs, les deuxgroupes tiennent à maintenir la qualité de ľ enveronnement dans lequel ils évoluent, même si ľimporta
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00405.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
AN ASSESSMENT OF COPING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN NORTHERN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 112-120
JOHN NEWTON,
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摘要:
Impressions of the north, its landscape, and people are drawn largely from public images, not personal experience, making misconceptions commonplace among non‐residents. The objective of this research is to improve our understanding of how communities cope with flood hazards through an assessment of the complex integration of traditional knowledge, community evolution, and modern technologies. This intersection of forces could influence vulnerability to natural hazards and affect preparedness and response. Field investigations were conducted in Aklavik, N.W.T., Attawapiskat, Ontario, and Fort Hard, N.W.T. as case studies. Central to the research design are distinctions between perceptions, attitudes, and activities at three operational levels: individual; communal; governmental ‐ and an appreciation of how these levels interrelate in response to flood hazards. The research findings confirm the crucial value of local environmental knowledge, identify the influence of changing social structures on community vulnerability, and underline the jurisdictionally integrated character of disaster response.Le plus souvent, les impressions du nord, de son paysage et de ses peuples sont le résultat ?images percues par le grand public et non pas ?expériences vécues, et de ce fait, les impressions erronëes sont assez fréquentes chez les non‐résidents. ľobjet de la présente recherche est deàmieux comprendre les solutions trouvées par les com‐munautés face aux inondations et ce, en analysant toute la complexité de /‘intégration des connaissances traditionnelles, de ľévolution communautaire et des technologies modernes. Ce regroupement des forces pourrait avoir une influence sur la vulnérabilité face aux dangers naturels et sur ľétat de préparation et la réaction. Des études de cas, on été mencés Aklavik, T.N.O., à Attawapiskat en Ontario et à Fort Hard, T.N.O. Les recherches sont structurés en distinguant les perceptions, les attitudes et les activité‘s à trois niveaux de fonctionnement, soit individuel, communautaire etgou‐vernemental. Files analysent également ľinterrelation de ces trois niveaux lorsqu'il est question ?une reponse a un risque ?inondation. Les resultats de la récherche confirmed ľimportance primordiale des connaissances de ľenvironnement local, tout en identifiant /‘influence du changement des structures sociales sur la vulnérabilité des communautés. Enfin, elles soulignent le phénoméne de /‘intégratio
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00406.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
FIRST NATIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CONTINGENCY PERSPECTIVE |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 120-130
ROBERT B. ANDERSON,
ROBERT M. BONE,
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摘要:
In the first part of this paper, the economic development objectives, strategies, and structures adopted by First Nations of Canada are examined, and seven significant characteristics are identified. In the second, current theories on economic development are considered, and a contingency perspective is proposed that addresses First Nations economic development within the global economic system. In the third part, the forestry‐related development activities of a particular group of First Nations ‐the Meadow Lake Tribal Council ‐ and its joint venture with a major pulp firm Millar Western, Ltd., are described, and the relevance of the proposed contingency perspective is considered. The paper concludes with comments about the potential for the contingency perspective as a theoretical framework for the economic development activities of the First Nations in Canada in a post‐Fordist
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00407.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
TOWARDS A GEOGRAPHY OF WHITE POWER IN THE CORDILLERAN FUR TRADE |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 131-140
COLE HARRIS,
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摘要:
The fur trade detached European commercial capital from Europe, relocating it in the North American interior. There it worked out a set of largely taken‐for‐granted assumptions and practices ‐ what might be called the discourse of the fur trade ‐ that embodied a commercial geography and closely related strategies of Native management. These strategies rested on a politics of terror, a theatre of power, and complex alignments of Native and white interests. Native and white agency were often reinforcing but, overall, the balance of power tilted towards whites, and the fur trade became a protocolonial presence in the Cordillera.La traite des fourrures a eu pour effet de déplacer le capital commercial de ľEurope, en le relocalisant vers ľintérieur des terres de ľAmérique du Nord. Elle a pour une série de suppositions et de pratiques prises pour acquis, ce que ľon pourrait appeler son discours. Ce discours englobait une géographie commerciale et des stratégies qui étaient étroitement reliées et qui tou‐chaient la prise en charge des autochtones. Les stratégies reposaient sur une politique de la terreur, une représentation du pouvoir et des alignements complexes des intérêts des autochtones et des Blancs. Souvent, les liens entre les deux groupes s'intensifiaient, mais dans ľensemble, la balance du pouvoir penchait du côté des Blancs. Le commerce des fourrures s'est alors trans‐formé en une présence
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00408.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
MAPPING THEM ‘OUT’: EURO‐CANADIAN CARTOGRAPHY AND THE APPROPRIATION OF THE NUXALK AND TS'ILHQOT‘IN FIRST NATIONS’ TERRITORIES, 1793–1916 |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 140-156
KEN G. BREALEY,
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摘要:
As social constructions of reality, maps embody the values, truth‐claims and power‐structures of the cultures that make them. Using a variety of interpretive methodologies, geographers and cartographers have developed the thesis that, through selective ‘re‐presentation’, maps ‘work’ at a discursive, symbolic level. In focusing on the artifact itself, however, they have tended to forget that maps are made by someone. Indeed, as part of a wider institutional network, organized and reified by people in pursuit of certain goals, maps serve to create and sustain territories. In a colonial context, moreover, maps arrest and de‐legitimize the territorialization of some cultural groups even as they enfranchise and legitimize that of others. Maps are, in this view, ideological weapons. In this paper I use a materialist hermeneutic to investigate the way in which maps helped to actualize the territorial dispossession of the original inhabitants of what is now British Columbia. Beginning with the charts of George Vancouver and Alexander MacKenzie, and ending with the Indian Reserve maps of the 1916 Royal Commission, I illustrate this thesis by tracing the cartographic encirclement of the Nuxalk and Ts'ilhqot'in First Nations. As an essential adjunct in the Euro‐Canadian colonization of the region, the analysis has implications for our understanding of the social, political, and juridical function of maps within contemporary land
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00409.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
‘IT IS SCARCELY TO BE BELIEVED …’ THE MISSISSAUGA INDIANS AND THE GRAPE ISLAND MISSION, 1826–1836 |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 157-168
MICHAEL RIPMEESTER,
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摘要:
By the mid‐1820s the landscape of the north shore of Lake Ontario was rapidly being filled by a swelling tide of European immigrants. However, as the European frontier expanded, that of the Mississaugas, who had inhabited the region, had rapidly diminished to almost nothing. Many of the Mississaugas chose one of two alternatives to this changing world. Some elected to accept the counsel of itinerant Methodist missionaries and settle in a mission village on Crape Island. By all accounts, the new mission was very successful, but the documentary record hints at resistance to the ‘civilizing’ agenda of the missionaries and the teachers. This resistance found articulation in the Kingston hinterland, where groups of Mississaugas attempted to maintain familiar lifestyles. In this paper I explore sites of power, resistance, and accommodation associated with both these groups.Dés le milieu des années 1820, la région de la rive nord du lac Ontario acceuillait des immigrants européens venus en nombre toujours croissant. Au fur et à mesure que s'agrandissait le territoire occupé par les Européens, celui des habitants de la région, les Mississaugas, se rétrécissait rapidement pour devenir presqu'inexistant. En réponse à ce changement, beaucoup de Mississaugas choisirent ľune des deux solutions. Certains décidérent de suivre les conseils des missionnaires méthodistes itinérants et acceptérent qu'on les installe dans un village établi par les missionnaires sur Crape Island. Au dire de tout le monde, la nouvelle mission fut couronnée de succés, mais les documents laissent entendre qu'il y a eu une certaine résistance aux efforts des missionnaires et des enseignants en vue de « civiliser » les autochtones. Cette résistance s'est exprimee dans ľarriére‐pays prés de Kingston, oú des groupes de Mississaugas ont tenté de maintenir leur style de vie traditionnel. Dans cet article, jétudie les centres du pouvoir, de la résistance et de lcar
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00410.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
THE TSIMSHIAN, THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, AND THE GEOPOLITICS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST FUR TRADE, 1787–1840 |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 169-183
SUSAN MARSDEN,
ROBERT GALOIS,
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摘要:
The paper examines the first half‐century of the fur trade on the Northwest Coast from the perspective of its First Nations participants. It focuses on the array of initiatives taken by Ligeex, a prominent Tsimshian chief, to insert non‐native traders within the geopolitics of the indigenous world. The reconstruction is undertaken by linking Tsimshian oral narratives with Euro‐American documentary sources.ľarticle traite des cinquante premiéres années du commerce des fourrures sur la côte nord‐ouest du point de vue des participants membres des Premiéres Nations. II se concentre sur la série ?initiatives entreprises par Ligeex, un chef tsimshian de premier rang, afin ?incorporer les commerçants allochtones à la géopolitique du monde indigéne. La reconstruction est effectuée en reliant des narrations de la tradition orale tsimshiane à des sources documentair
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00411.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS |
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Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien,
Volume 39,
Issue 2,
1995,
Page 184-192
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摘要:
Geographical Imaginations by DEREK GREGORYGeographical Imaginations by DEREK GREGORYImagining Niagara: The Meaning and Making of Niagara Falls by PATRICK MCCREEVYInterpretations on Behalf of Place: Environmental Displacements and Alternative Responses by ROBERT MUCERAUERSociety and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century by AHARON KELLERMAN
ISSN:0008-3658
DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1995.tb00412.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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