摘要:

Global social, political, and economic change during the past quarter‐century has been profound, particularly in major areas with languages different from those usually employed by Canadian geographers. Surveys by the author suggest that senior Canadian geography graduate students, however, are inadequately prepared to assimilate primary world sources of information, including the relevant research literatures (except those published in this country's two official languages), and that few geography departments any longer require competence in more than one language at any level of study. Nevertheless, geographers and their students could benefit in many ways from foreign language expertise. Suggestions are made whereby geography departments could reinforce their existing rigorous training programs with foreign linguistic and area competenc

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

it is widely supposed that urban house price inflation has recently put ownership beyond the reach of many potential home buyers. In fact, between 1974 and 1982 this was not uniformly the case in Canada's three largest cities. Homeownership rates declined in Vancouver, held steady in Toronto, and increased in Montreal. In Montreal all social classes shared in an ownership boom. In Toronto, the middle class fared well, blue‐collar workers rather poorly. In Vancouver, blue‐collar workers held their own, but the middle class lost ground. Everywhere the relative position of the self‐employed declined. The geographical impact of house price inflation has been variable while the social and political implications merit study. There is a need for synthetic studies of specific c

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Canada will remember 1985 as the year of the ‘Blob,’ that mixture of toxic chemicals found in the St Clair River that attracted national attention. The ‘Blob’ was discovered by divers from the Great Lakes Institute (gli) of the University of Windsor, who were engaged in taking samples of sediment from the bottom of the river. The oily sludge was found to be a mixture of nasty chemical compounds ‐ including dioxins. In the words of one government scientist, it was the most contaminated material ever found in the Great Lakes!Traces of the dread dioxin were found in the drinking water of municipalities downstream, and citizens demanded action from all levels of government. Did the chemicals come from spills from Chemical Valley industries? or industrial sewers? or seepage from deep wells where chemical waste has been stored? Do these toxic contaminants bioaccumulate in the food chain? And what is their effect on humans? No one knows the answers to these questions, but the problems have not gone away. One important result has been a great increase in research efforts.The Gli had been engaged for three years in research in the Essex region on four toxic contaminants — lead, cadmium, pcbs, and ocs (octachlorostyrene) under a contract with the federal Department of Environment. This research indicated that these contaminants are widespread in the sediments and clams of the rivers and Lake St Clair‐ and also in the soil and plants of the region. The latter finding is of concern, since recent research has shown that food (not drinking water) is the chief source of many contaminants to the human body. Since the ‘Blob’ findings, the Gli has received grants from the World Wildlife Fund and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment to pursue its research into toxic contaminants in the ecosystem.The ‘Blob’ incident has been a justification for the existence of the Great Lakes Institute. It demonstrated that university institutes could bring to public attention environmental hazards that may be concealed or minimized by private companies and overlooked or condoned by government agencies. The multidisciplinary cli was formed at the University of Windsor in 1981 to provide an alternative to government research on the Great Lakes. In Ontario at that time there was no university‐based organization doing Great Lakes research, though all the Great Lakes states had suc

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the years 1847 to 1881, as Montreal industrialized, the rate of homeownership declined from 31.6 per cent to 14.7 per cent. From a selection of occupations representative of social classes, it is shown that the large working class was dispossessed, while homeownership increased among the bourgeoisie. Distinctive occupational profiles are reported for homeowners, absentee owners, and resident owners of duplexes and their tenants.Au cours de la période d'industrialisation des années 1847 à 1881, Montréal est devenue une ville de loca‐laires. Le pourcentage de propriétaires‐occupants a chuté de 3 7,6 pour cent à 14,7 pour cent. A partir d'un èchantillon des occupations qui caractérisent chaque classe sociale, on découvre que chez les ouvriers le taux a fortement diminué, alors que dans la bourgeoisie il a augmenté. On trace le profil socio‐professionnel de plu‐sieurs catégories de propriétaires et de locataires, en dis‐tinguant le propriétaire‐occupant du non‐occupant, I'h

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ledéveloppement des villes nouvelles françaises a été caractérisé par des approches innovatrices à l'organisation urbaine qui se sont manifestées principalement sur les plans urbanistique, architectural et technologique. Conçues à la fin des années soixante, dans un contexte de croissance économique en perte de Vitesse, les villes nouvelles n'ont pas échappéà la crise actuelle. Cepen‐dant leur existence n'est pas remise en question. On constate qu'elles constituent un vaste laboratoire d'ex‐périences urbaines nouvelles encore en rodage qui pourraient, à I'avenir, apporter des solutions aux nom‐breux problémes auxquels sont confrontés

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of British peoples in Upper Canada have emphasized the Irish and Scots rather than the English despite the fact that in 1871 439,429 people ‐ 27 per cent of Ontario residents ‐ claimed English ancestry (Clarke and McLeod 1974; Houston and Smyth 1980; Akenson 1984). Those of English nativity constituted 28 per cent of foreign‐born in the same year (Census of Canada 1871). Two decades earlier, in 1851, the English‐born numbered 82,699, and they had increased to 124,062 by 1871. The overall proportion of those of English birth remained quite uniform, at approximately 8 per cent throughout the twenty‐ye

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Niagara Falls (Figure 1) merits discussion on at least three points: its role in eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century controversies about the age of the earth and the origin of valleys, the response of the gorge to regional deglaciation, and as an illustration, perhaps atypical, of the dynamics of waterfall recess

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY