ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Use of the herbicide 2,4‐d to control Eurasian milfoil in the Okanagan Valley has proved very controversial. Public perceptions toward the control programme are described. Over half the respondents were in favour of the use of 2,4‐d, although chemical control was the least preferred alternative, following harvesting, biological, and dredging techniques. A strong positive correlation exists between those supporting the use of 2,4‐d and those indicating greatest interference with normal activities due to the infestation. It is suggested that an expressed preference approach toward risk assessment should have been taken before the confrontation developed.L'emploi du désherbant 2.4‐d dans la lutte contre le volant d'eau(Myriophyllum spicatum)dans la vallée de l'Okanagan s'avère sujet à de grosses controverses. Il sera question dans cet exposé de décrire les impressions publiques vis à vis du programme de contrôle. Globalement 54 pour cent des interrogés se sont déclarés pour l'usage de 2.4‐d même si le contrôle par moyen chimique était le moyen le moins préférable apres les alternatives physiques, mécaniques, et écologiques. Il existe une étroite correspondance entre ceux qui sont en faveur de cet usage et ceux qui seraient le plus incommodés par l'infestation. Nous avançons que l'approche directe pour l'évaluation du risque entreprise dans cette étude aurait dûêtre mise en rigueur avant le développe

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Trading post personnel maintained records of natural and cultural phenomena, including data on fish and fishing. The Hudson's Bay Company posts on the north shore of Lake Superior developed a diverse fishery based on a rather complex association of species and stocks, especially lake trout, whitefish, and herring. In part learning from the Indians, the fishermen gained a fairly sophisticated understanding of the seasonal and spatial occurrences of fish aggregations. These are here summarized in text and table form and provide baseline data for fisheries which since the 1800s have been degraded and changed.Les employés des comptoirs consignaient régulièrement les divers phénomènes culturels et naturels, y compris ceux qui relevaient des poissons et de la pêche. Les comptoirs de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson au littoral nord du lac Supérieur ont développé une industrie de la pêche diversifiée basée sur des rapports assez complexes entre les espèces et les stocks de poissons, surtout de touladi, de grand corégone, et de cisco de lac. Tirant leurs connaissances en partie des Indiens, les pêcheurs ont réussi à bien comprendre les détails des occurences spatiales et saisonnières des aggrégations de poissons. Les données de leurs observations se présentent dans ce travail sous forme de textes et de tableaux, et fournissent les renseignements de base pour les pêcheries qui, depuis le 19esiècle, subissent des transformations et tiennent aujourd'hui une place moins importante dans

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rural land use analysis is thwarted by the lack of a framework that incorporates the dominant characteristics of the modem food supply system. This essay examines each level of the food supply system in Quebec, where the overwhelming trend is to strengthen vertical linkages between levels. Stronger linkages, a response to risk, boost market power. Locational characteristics provide an index of this power. The concepts of exit, voice, and loyalty are drawn upon, and a model is presented to identify the forces at play in the food supply system and show how they promote change in the agricultural landscape.L'absence de cadre analytique approprié indiquant les caractéristiques dominantes de notre système moderne d'approvisionnement alimentaire constitue un obstacle à l'étude de l'utilisation des terres rurales. L'auteur de cet exposé examine chacun des niveaux du systètme d'approvisionnement alimentaire du Québec, où l'on observe une tendance évidente au renforcement des liaisons verticales entre ces différents niveaux. Des liaisons plus fortes, qui constituent une façon de se protéger contre les risques, ont pour effet d'accroître le pouvoir du marché. Les caractéristiques des emplacements fournissent un rnoyen de mesurer ce pouvoir. Cet exposé, qui mise sur les concepts de rejet, de formulation et de fidélité, décrit un modèle qui met en évidence les forces en jeu dans le système d'approvisionnement alimentaire et qui montre comment celles‐ci favorisent la modifica

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the literature, Canadian federal housing policy is most often considered to be a post‐Second World War phenomenon and to have been effectively initiated, at least in an institutional sense, with the establishment of Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation (chmc) in 1945 (Bettison, 1975; Hatch. 1975; Rose, 1980). It is generally accepted that the state was led to intervene in the private housing market as a result of an unprecedented demand from returning servicemen. This demand was heightened by increasing levels of disposable income and exacerbated by reduced levels of housing production during the war. In this scenario. the state is seen to have been responding to a specific market crisis; the response resulted in the creation of various agencies, most notably cmhc, and in National Housing Act amendments, virtually all of which took place in the post‐war era.The ‘market‐crisis’ perspective to the study of federal housing policy tends to overlook the initiation of state monetary and credit system management during the 1930s and its implications for the form of state intervention in housing during the 1940s and beyond. I wish to make a case here for pushing back the study boundaries to at least the early 1930s in conjunction with a brief examination of the Central Mortgage Bank (cmb). The argument is that the essential ‘actors’ in the determination of housing policy at the federal level (i.e. the Department of Finance, the institutional lenders [particularly the insurance companies], and the provinces) came to be delineated in the 1930s around the issue of debt management in the wake of widespread mortgage default, especially in the rural districts of the prairie provinces. The cmb, although never becoming active, is seen here as the first substantial collaboration between the state and finance capital in the area of residential mortgage lending practices. It represents an additional facet of state monetary and credit system management that proceeded apace with the formation of the Bank of C

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:North Sea Oil and Environmental Planning: The United Kingdom Experience, by IanR. MannersThe Scottish and Alaskan Offshore Oil and Gas Experience and the Canadian Beaufort Sea, by J. G. Nelson and Sabine JessenThe Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present, edited by A. G. Macphersonand J. B. MacphersonBiogeography and Ecology of the Island of Newfoundland, edited by G. RobinSouth, Dr W. JunkThis Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Cultures, edited by JohnF. Fooney, Jr, WilburZelinsky, and DeanR. Louder

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1984.tb01615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY