摘要:

Empirical studies indicated little evidence for generational differences on the level of beliefs traditionally referred to asattitudes(see Rokeach's typology). At the intermediate level of beliefs, those concerningauthority, there appeared more possibility of generational discontinuity, especially in relation to the legitimacy of national institutions. Although very little research has been done onvalue orientations, studies of political attitudes have indicated higher parent‐child agreement on partisan attitudes than on political value orientations. Data from a sample of college students and their parents indicate striking generational differences on another value orientation, a measure of time perspective. It appears that writers who have argued that a counterculture is emerging among the younger generation are concentrating on the value orientation level, while the debunkers of the notion of a generation gap have focused almost entirely upon the level of attitude

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Jesus People, as members of a distinctive age stratum, exhibit many attributes common to the counterculture: subjectivism, informality, spontaneity, new forms and media of communication. As members of a distinctive religious orientation, they exhibit attributes common to fundamentalist and Pentacostal Christianity: the inerrancy of scripture, emphasis on the Holy Spirit, and a commitment to “one way” to God. This phenomenological study of the Jesus People suggests that the movement can best be seen as the result of a youthful cohort's “fresh contact” (using Mannheim's concept) with the fundamentalist tradition in Christianity, set within the context of structural conditions in American society in the 1960s and in organized American religion, plus the distinctive life style and orientations of the broader youth counterculture movement. It is suggested that this unique generational movement represents a potential for change in American religious insti

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research explores the magnitude, sources, and consequences of differences among age strata in various dimensions of religious orientation and practice. A national sample of 4444 Lutheran church members, ages 15–65, completed a 740‐item survey. From these data six age groups were empirically formed; these exhibited significant differences on 43 of 52 major scales. Patterns of age strata differences supported a “selective gap” theory rather than a “great gap” interpretation of contrasts among age strata. The youth stratum, 19–23, was found to be most heterogeneous in their beliefs, attitudes, or life styles. Although some within‐stratum solidarity was evident, it generally was weak and overshadowed by lineage solidarity. Implications of combined aging and cohort effects conclude

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The spread of youth‐group consciousness and counterculture behavior during the 1960s is accounted for by two competing theoretical rationales: the “movement sweep” and the “blend” theses. This study explores the development of youth stratum consciousness in four groups of youth: white collar and blue collar students and nonstudents. The research employs a social movement paradigm suggesting an explicit developmental sequence from initial awareness through crystallized ideology and behavior expression. The attempt to operationalize generational consciousness based on Mannheim's definition was partially successful. The data clearly provide little support for the “sweep” thesis of youth movement phenomena, but do suggest some confirmation for the “ble

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study focuses on the generational unit born out of the student protest movement. Three groups were selected for the study: (a) former civil rights activists involved in protest demonstrations during 1960 and 1963, (b) former students who had been involved in student government politics during that time, and (c) former students who had taken no part in institutional or noninstitutional politics. The major dependent variables are political attitudes and political behavior eight to eleven years after the student protest. Using path analysis, it was found that the level of student activism had major direct and indirect effects on political attitudes and behavior. Together with other exogenous and intervening variables, student activism accounted for 55% of the variance in political attitudes and 42% of the variance in political behavior.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper examines differential attitudes toward the use in war of nuclear weapons among age strata, analyzed from the perspective of political generations. Data for the study came from a probability sample of 477 adults living in a metropolitan area. On the basis of historical events and the differing climates of public opinion pertaining to war, three political generations are discriminated:Dissent(those born 1943–1949),Cold War(those born 1927–1942), andWorld War II(those born before 1927). Results suggest the viability of political generations thus defined. The generation ofDissentis most likely to reject nuclear war, while those of the generation ofWorld War IIare most likely to accept nuclear warfare. The basic relationship between age and attitudes toward nuclear war is examined within the context of occupation, sex, fear of communism, and patriot

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Generational analyses have tended to focus on youth movements and ideologies, in keeping with the Mannheim emphasis on new generations. Age‐group political consciousness among the elderly may be an emergent feature of the current political scene; thus, it is useful to examine the generational aspects of a political movement among the elderly as well. This paper presents a model of the factors contributing to the development of socio‐political movements. It appears that an aged social movement will not develop unless age‐group political consciousness among the elderly is manifest. The prospects of the emergence of that political consciousness and a social movement of the aged are discussed, with attention to precursors of these political expressions in the current generation of older p

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concern of the psychologist with person‐blame attribution has meant a failure to analyze types of change and social causes of societal changes. Social change can be radically structural (revolutionary), incrementally structural, or cultural. Sources of change can be found in internal contradictions within a society as in Marxian analysis, in uneven rates of growth of various parts of the system, in contact and clash with other systems, and in generational differences. Ongoing social systems are based upon a number of mechanisms designed to insure a continuing input so that effective forces of change need some accumulation and mobilization of social disaffection along group lines rather than the alienation of scattered individuals or transient sub‐groupings. The basic contradictions in our society have led to incremental rather than radical change. Generational differences have produced cultural rather than structural change. Thus, the divisiveness and rebellion stemming from differences in social class, age, sex, and race has not resulted in sharp deep lines of cleavage facilitative of revolutionary movements, but have been contained within the society. They may assume more significance, however, as the American system comes into increasing competition and conflict with other systems for resources, markets, and po

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A crucial but underdeveloped aspect of generational analysis concerns the importance of class groupings on the development of generation‐based issues, and the necessity of examining the way in which superordinate and subordinate class groupings mediate the experience of age‐cohort membership. If one distinguishes the demographic (or cohort) perspective on generations from that which focuses on smaller age‐based groupings that provide specific impetus for social change (generation units), one can explore the antecedents of generation unit formation among upper‐middle class youth of the past decade, and examine the role of social and technological innovation in the creation of alternative generational styles. Four types of generational units among youth are delineated—radicalism, freakism, communalism, and revivalism—and the possibility of generational units among the elderly i

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY