ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This journal issue commemorates the recent 100th anniversary of the birth of Kurt Lewin, a founder of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and of this, SPSSI's journal. It appears that his influence in academic social psychology has declined of late, but a review of recent literature reveals that Lewin's thought and work still guide activity in applied social psychology, particularly studies of groups, and in the practice of action research. The articles in this issue further demonstrate that contemporary social scientists find stimulation and direction for theory, research, and action in Lewin's legacy.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article, based on personal memories of his daughter, explores aspects of Lewin's own life experiences that had the greatest impact upon his professional focus on social issues, such as intergroup relations and prejudice, and that influenced his general field theoretical approach to psychology. Selected aspects of his childhood, his education, his experiences as a combat soldier in World War I, and his experiences with anti‐Jewish prejudice earlier in his life resulted in the unusual equalitarianism that so many people who knew him observed, as well as a distinctive approach to psychology. The massive impact of fascism—the effect of his flight from Germany, his efforts to rescue his extended family, and the death of his mother in the Holocaust—greatly influenced his choice of and his approach to research pro

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents a personal account of my experience with Kurt Lewin and attempts to characterize why he was such an effective scientific leader. Key points are Lewin's personal leadership style, his approach to theorizing and research, the substantive and methodological innovativeness of the research done by Lewin and his students, his intense commitment to developing psychological knowledge that would be relevant to important human concerns, and his persistent attempt to develop ways of applying psychological knowledge to make the world a more humane habitat. The paper concludes by summarizing how my career in social psychology has been affected by Kurt Lewin.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author, a student of Lewin's, views his most important contributions as stimulating scientific creativity in many colleagues, aiding the downfall of stimulus—response theory, suggesting many useful concepts, and initiating experiments on formerly intractable topics. Lewin's limitations included lack of interest in unconscious factors and in social misperception, and less rigorous thinking and use of mathematics than he seemed to claim. In an overall assessment the positives greatly outweigh the negative

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lewin's introduction of topological psychology was an exciting innovation as well as an object of ridicule. The reasons for its function as a fighting slogan for the Lewinian school and for its decline are analyzed. Topology provided a fruitful metaphor, but its mathematical use was insufficiently developed, partly because topology was an underdeveloped field of mathematics at the time. However, Lewin showed foresight in insisting on the need for a mathematics applicable to psychology. Modern developments in topology, especially catastrophe theory, are shown to be productive for psychological theory and its applications, thus justifying Lewin's intuition.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current common confusion about the nature of Lewin's field theory can be resolved by making a distinction between Lewin's psychological metatheory and his specific field theory. This clarification reveals a dilemma for social psychological theory: Either it must abandon that facet of Lewin's metatheory that is the source of theoretical elegance, or it will fail to fulfill the function of social psychology among the social sciences—to further understanding of the interrelationships between the individual and the social environment. Making this fundamental theoretical change will also help social psychology to realize the aspirations for relevance that Lewin had for it. A strategy for the future of social psychological theorizing is suggested, and the strategy is applied illustratively to the study of the social issue of victim blam

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Economically based rational choice theories, which have been highly influential in the social sciences, are in various respects inferior to field theory, and have advanced farthest precisely when they have adopted field‐theoretical assumptions. Through its underlying model of the fully specified motivational calculus, field theory proposes that psychological forces are commensurate and expressed in affective terms, and its recognition of the importance of salience anticipates recent developments in decision theory. Field theory corrects the unwarranted assumptions of economic rational choice models when applied to social policy, and counters the biased and misleading implications of such theorie

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A brief overview of Person—Environment Fit Theory and new findings applying this model to the area of perceived control are presented. This study examined whether different control constructs (i.e., perceived control, desired control, and “misfit” between perceived and desired control) are all important for predicting psychological adjustment. Respondents included 622 men and women who participated in a six‐month longitudinal panel study. Misfit measures for three sources of control (internal, others, and chance) accounted for significant variance independent of the variance accounted for by perceived and desired control measures. In general, either too much or too little perceived control relative to the amount desired tended to be associated with more psychological

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article conceptualizes the relations between values and actions from the point of view of expectancy‐value theory. Key assumptions are that values induce valences on events and potential outcomes, and that these valences in association with expectations are important determinants of the final action that is taken. The approach is illustrated by results from a recent study concerned with job‐seeking behavior among the unemployed. The approach is discussed in relation to Lewinian theory and to recent theoretical statements concerning commitment, volition, and self‐regulation. Related approaches to conceptualizing relations between values and actions are briefly noted, along with the need to take account of the activation of values and valences in relation to the cognitive‐affective

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY