ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Meanings of privacy in everyday speech, in behavioral and social science, and in American law are compared. A variety of independent meanings emerge within each domain, and these distinctions are repeated across domains. A common‐core definition is proposed that appears to be consistent with these meanings. One behavioral theory that attempts to bring conceptual order to the various meanings of privacy is reviewed, and the review is extended to a general commentary on the current status of behavioral theories of privacy. Future tasks and directions for establishing a more complete understanding of privacy are indicated, including the explication of theoretical systems and the creation of linkages across disciplines and concept

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If we are to understand privacy as a future as well as a contemporary social issue, we must understand privacy as a concept. Individuals' concepts of privacy are tied to concrete situations in everyday life. These situations are described in terms of three dimensions: self‐ego, environmental, and interpersonal. In combination with the dynamic of time, both developmental and sociohistorical, this situational analysis helps us to understand individual perceptions of privacy and privacy invasion, to predict potential privacy or invasion experiences, and to see the potential effects of the absence of certain privacy‐related experien

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Privacy and secrecy both involve boundaries and the denial of access to others; however, they differ in the moral content of the behavior which is concealed. Privacy is consensual where secrecy is not; that is, there is a “right to privacy” but no equivalent “right to secrecy.” Those stigmatized or disadvantaged social groups who have little or no access to privacy utilize secrecy to conceal their behavior. The private family and the secret homosexual world are examples of groups which utilize privacy and secrecy, respe

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Privacy is viewed as a regulatory process that serves to selectively control access of external stimulation to one's self or the flow of information to others. It may be manifested by a physical separation or withdrawal from conspecifics. Privacy may also be manifested by actions that mislead potential competitors as to the motivational status or strength of the individual in question. The degree to which this occurs is often related to simple economic (cost/benefit) principles. But in each species the variables that define the cost/benefit equation may vary. Generalizations about privacy are thus unlikely to prove useful.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines privacy as a generic process that occurs in all cultures but that also differs among cultures in terms of the behavioral mechanisms used to regulate desired levels of privacy. Ethnographic data are examined from a variety of cultures, particularly from societies with apparently maximum and minimum privacy, and from analyses of various social relationships, such as parents and children, in‐laws, husbands and wives. It is concluded that privacy is a universal process that involves culturally unique regulatory mechanism

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The experimental social psychological literature addresses many issues that bear upon the behavioral antecedents and consequences of privacy. As illustrations, theory and research in the area of social facilitation are discussed; the implications and promise of the recent sociobiological orientation within psychology for an understanding of privacy are outlined; and a number of major traditional areas of social psychological interest, which have implications for privacy theory and research but which are often overlooked as privacy related, are considered. It is concluded that because behavioral questions and theoretical issues of privacy thread throughout social psychology, the development of theory and research directly focused upon privacy will enrich even well‐established areas of social psychological inquir

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Privacy is viewed as a process of boundary regulation, controlling how much (or how little) contact an individual maintains with others. Self‐disclosure involves the verbal transmission of information. Adjustment of self‐disclosure outputs and inputs is boundary regulation; the extent of control one maintains over this exchange of information contributes to the amount of privacy one has in a social relationship. Regulation of interpersonal boundaries affects the kinds of relationships we maintain with others (as in friendships and power relationships). There also are implications for personality functioning. Reconceptualizing self‐disclosure as a form of boundary adjustment in the maintenance of privacy may provide a useful framework for integrating the self‐disclosure lit

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although much of the recent concern for privacy as a central issue in the study of interpersonal behavior has arisen within the area of environmental psychology, the environment presented in this literature tends to lack enduring properties which set it apart from the behavior to which it is presumably related. By contrast, a model of the environment is proposed which is sensitive to physical properties which are independent of normative and symbolic associations imposed by tradition. This model indicates how the selection of one's location and orientation within an architecturally bounded setting can affect both the acquisition of information about surrounding activities and the abilities of others to take notice of one's own behavior. Within this framework selective conspicuousness is suggested as the chief means of privacy regulation. Selective conspicuousness involves a trade off between the environmental and behavioral options available for concealing or disclosing information about oneself with the physical environment presenting certain initial conditions upon which behavior is contingent.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A rational system of justice requires consistent scientific input. As part of a project to understand how social science knowledge can be incorporated into the legal process, decisions of the United States Supreme Court were examined in cases whose determinations rested on assumptions about the psychological dimensions of privacy. It was found that the Court and lawyers failed to appropriately define privacy and utilize social science theory and data. Suggestions to remedy the gap between law and social science are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY