摘要:

AbstractPeripheral lymphocytes from Taiwanese women (n = 35) exposed to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and from matched controls (n = 24) were assessed for the levels of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) after a 72‐hour incubation of whole blood in the presence or absence of alpha‐naphthoflavone (ANF) and for chromosome aberrations after 48 hours of incubation. Serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured for all individuals, and serum levels of several polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured for 12 exposed individuals by gas chromatography‐mass spectometry. Blood concentrations of total PCBs in the exposed population averaged approximately 15 ppb, whereas mean PCDF values were 14 ppt. Major PCB congeners detected were 2,2′ 4,4′, 5,5′‐hexa CB and 2,2′3,4,4′,5‐hexa CB. PCDFs detected were primarily 1,2,3,4,7,8,‐hexachlorodibenzofuran (10.8 ppt) and 2,3,4,7,8‐pentachlorodibenzofuran (2.7 ppt). Average SCE frequencies were 7.61 for controls and 7.30 for exposed individuals when assays were conducted in the absence of ANF, whereas respective values were 8.85 and 10.75 in the presence of ANF. Differences in the level of ANF‐induced SCEs between the two populations were highly significant (P<.001). Moreover, the ANF‐induced SCEs were highly correlated with the serum concentrations of total PCBs and of several PCB congeners (P<.001). Increases in ANF‐induced SCEs appeared to be linear up to a PCB concentration of approximately 30 ppb. Chromosome aberration frequencies were similar in control and exposed populations. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to PCBs and PCDFs result in an enhanced sensitivity of lymphocytes to t

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Microscreen phage‐induction assay, which quantitatively measures the induction of prophage λ inEscherichia coliWP2s(λ), was used to test 14 crude (unfractionated) hazardous industrial waste samples for genotoxic activity in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Eleven of the 14 wastes induced prophage, and induction was observed at concentrations as low as 0.4 pg per ml. Comparisons between the ability of these waste samples to induce prophage and their mutagenicity in theSalmonellareverse mutation assay indicate that the phage‐induction assay detected genotoxic activity in all but one of the wastes that were mutagenic inSalmonella. Moreover, the Microscreen assay detected as genotoxic five additional wastes that were not detected in theSalmonellaassay. The applicability of the Microscreen phage‐induction assay for screening hazardous wastes for genotoxic activity is discussed, as are some of the problems associated with screening highly toxic wastes containing toxic volatile co

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA number of solvent compounds that were tested inSaccharomyces cerevisiaewere potent inducers of aneuploidy, although they did not induce any other genetic effects. As an extention of these earlier findings, 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone was tested and was found to induce aneuploidy. Several structurally related compounds were also tested; 2‐pyrrolidinone induced aneuploidy, but succinimide, pyrrolidine, 1‐methylpyrrolidine, 1‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolidinol, and 2‐pyrrolidineethanol did not. Maleimide and itsN‐hydroxy,N‐methyl, andN‐ethyl derivatives were also negative f

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe spermicidal surfactant nonoxynol‐9 (Igepal CO‐630, GAF Corp.) and a potential impurity, 1,4‐dioxane, were tested in the in vitro cell transformation assay using BALB/3T3 cells. Two treatment periods, 48 hr and 13 days, were used. Nonoxynol‐9, tested at levels up to 10 μg/ml, did not induce transformation, whereas dioxane was very active in the induction of type III foci in the cultured BALB/3

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of monomeric acrylate/methacrylate esters (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate) as well as acrylic acid were examined for genotoxic activity in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells without exogenous activation. All five compounds induced concentration‐dependent increases in mutant frequency. Small‐colony, trifluorothymidine‐resistant mutants were primarily induced, which suggests that these compounds may act via a clastogenic mechanism. This prediction was confirmed by the finding that all five compounds produced gross chromosome aberrations in mouse lymphoma cells. The two acrylates were much more potent in their response than acrylic acid. Methyl acrylate (22 μg/ml, survival = 18%) induced 385 mutants/106survivors (total mutant frequency less the spontaneous mutant frequency) and 45 chromosome aberrations/100 cells analyzed (total aberrations less the spontaneous background). Ethyl acrylate (37.5 μg/ml, survival = 15%) induced 683 mutants/106su

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA dynamic flow‐through exposure system was designed for mutagenicity studies of gaseous compounds inSalmonella. Salmonella typhimuriumstrain TA100 was the primary tester strain. The dose ranges were 0.5–20% of vinyl chloride, ethene, propene, and 1,3‐butadiene, 1–200 ppm of ethylene oxide, 0.5–20 ppm of nitrogen dioxide, and 0.1–3.5 ppm of ozone. The gas flow rate was 250, 500, or 1,000 ml/min, and the exposure time was 6 or 7 hours. Of the tested gases, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, and nitrogen dioxide were mutagenic. Ethene, propene, and 1,3‐butadiene were not mutagenic in this system. Ozone is bacteriotoxic, and no mutagenic effect could be demonstrated in the nontoxic dose range. The exposure system was considered suitable for studies on gase

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the possible formation of mutagenic compounds from alkenes emitted in ambient air, laboratory experiments were performed withSalmonella typhimuriumstrain TA100 in a small‐scale flow‐through exposure system. The reaction time for mixtures of alkenes with ozone or nitrogen dioxide was 40 minutes, and the exposure time for bacteria was 6 hours. Ozone gave rise to a small mutagenic effect in combination with 1,3‐butadiene or vinyl chloride, with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, but not in combination with ethene or propene. Nitrogen dioxide gave rise to a mutagenic effect in combination with propene, 1,3‐butadiene, or vinyl chloride, but only after UV irradiation. The mutagenic activity was highest with butadiene and seemed to be dose‐related to the concentration of nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide with ethene did not produce a mutagenic effect. A mixture of ethene, propene, and butadiene, tested with ozone or nitrogen dioxide with UV irradiation, did not potentiate each other's mutagen

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighteen chemicals were tested for their mutagenic potential in the L5178Y tk+/−mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay by the use of procedures based upon those described by Clive and Spector [Mutat Res 44:269–278, 1975] and Cliveet al[Mutat Res 59:61–108, 1979]. Cultures were exposed to the chemicals for 4 hr, then cultured for 2 days before plating in soft agar with or without trifluorothymidine (TFT), 3 μg/ml. The chemicals were tested at least twice. Significant responses were obtained with benzofuran, benzyl chloride, bromodi‐chloromethane, butylated hydroxytoluene, chlorendic acid,o‐chlorobenzalmalo‐nitrile, 1,2,3,4‐diepoxybutane, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl hydrogen phosphite, furfural, glutaraldehyde, hydroquinone, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and resorcinol. Apart from bromodichloromethane, butylated hydroxytoluene and dimethyl hydrogen phosphite, rat liver S9 mix was not a requirement for the activity of any of these compounds. Chemicals not identified as mutagens were water,tert‐butyl alcohol, pyridin

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0893-6692    

DOI:10.1002/em.2850110112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY