摘要:

Gerbner and his co‐authors argue that commercial television content is essentially uniform in its symbolic messages about societal values and that television viewing is essentially habitual (ritual) rather than selective. Their claim that these two assumptions are essential to cultivation analysis is challenged here. Viewing crime‐adventure, cartoon, and game programs is related to two violence‐related social reality beliefs, while viewing of other content types is not. And based on the intercorrelations of viewing various content types, it seems that some types of content are viewed more or less habitually. Finally, an indicator of selecting to view or not view a given content type—watching more or less of that type than predicted based on the individual's total viewing—is quite differently related to social reality beliefs than is viewing itself. This provides support for considering cultivation effects as actual effects rather than the product of third variables or of reverse causation. Overall, then, the uniform message and ritual viewing assumptions are found flawed, but discarding them serves to strengthen rather than weaken the cultivation h

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The potential reactivity of videotaping procedures in the study of conversation behavior was assessed. Four videotaping procedures and eight time segments were cast into a mixed factorial design. No statistically significant differences in behavioral indices of relaxation/anxiety or responsiveness due to obviousness of video recording procedures were found. Anxiety dropped significantly during the first minute and then stabilized. Although a statistically significant difference in responsiveness over time was obtained, there was no meaningful pattern to this difference. Results support the commonly held intuition that behaviors usually out of conscious awareness are not affected by observation procedures. The implication of these results is that participant deception concerning observation procedures is unnecessary when out‐of‐consciousness behaviors are the subject of st

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was primarily concerned with the communication skill development of physically handicapped children. Since these children often are denied contact with peers because of their disabilities, it was suggested that they may be unable to develop the perspective‐taking ability necessary for adapting communication to a specific listener. It was also suggested that the increased contact provided by moving the handicapped into regular public school classrooms may help alleviate this problem. First‐, third‐, and sixth‐grade children, handicapped and nonhandicapped, with and without the others in their classes, were tested on their listener‐adaptation abilities in general and their adaptation to handicapped children, using pictures as stimuli for messages. The results support the hypothesis that handicapped children are deficient in listener adaptation. Classroom association with “normals” seems to improve this, but does not raise them to the level of their nonhandicapped peers. Nonhandicapped children are unable to adapt to handicapped children, and contact with the handicapped does not seem to improve this situation. Being in an integrated class seems to have some positive effects on handicapped children and few effects on the n

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated cue leakage during deception of factual information for both prepared and spontaneous types of lies. Liars anticipating lying engaged in less postural shifting and shorter latencies than truth tellers prior to lying. During a prepared lie, liars engaged in shorter latencies, shorter message durations, more affirmative head nodding, less smiling, and more body adaptors than truth tellers did. During a spontaneous lie, liars engaged in more body adaptors than truth tellers. No substantive differences were obtained between truth tellers and liars after the lying behavior was completed. Cues were not leaked differently by high and low Machiavellians.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a Piagétan perspective, this study investigated the ways in which elementary school children perceive changes in the size of a televised image (in this case, a candy bar). The findings suggest that younger children perceive changes in image size from a medium shot to a close‐up as changes in the object itself. Children's responses to changes in the televised image parallel their responses to traditional conservation tasks, but conservation of televised images occurs at a later age. In addition, children appear to use different cognitive skills to interpret how a zoom or a cut transforms the size of a televised image. When a zoom is used, children more readily perceive the object as “growing lar

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research investigates the possibility that political campaign communication is partially responsible for recent increases in the number of voters defecting from their partisan identification when making their electoral choices. Survey and contextual data from 1970, 1972, and 1974 are used to explain why some voters defect from their party identification when voting for senatorial and congressional candidates while others do not. Multiple regression and discriminant analysis indicate that exposure to political broadcast advertising is an important explanatory variable, even when holding constant a variety of other independent variables. Consequently, the availability of this form of campaign communication may have implications for the traditional functions of American political parties and for the dynamics of the public policy process.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The name “science” may have been wrongly applied to what experts do when they study human communication. Assumptions and methods of the hard sciences do not seem to fit human communication behavior. The result is subversion of human dignity through the production of findings that are method oriented but not productive of generalizations useful either in advancing understanding or in generating a useful technology. The need is to discover a way to anthropomorphize the study of human communication behav

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The past two decades have witnessed marked improvment in the work produced by communication researchers. Today's research is marked by increasing reliance on theory, a greater emphasis on programmatic research, and attempts to fit methods to particular research objectives. These advances, along with a dramatic increase in the number of capable communication researchers, have combined to heighten the credibility of communication research among colleagues in related disciplines. Although many issues remain unsolved,progressis the key word in assessing events of the last 20 years.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY